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AP Euro > Chapter 9 Test: 4/10 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Test: 4/10 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

list the 3 main states before Italian Unification

A
  1. Piedmont Sardenia
  2. Papal States
  3. Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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2
Q

Who ruled Piedmont Sardenia?

A

the house of Savoy

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3
Q

What was the most industrial part of Italy?

A

Piedmont Savoy

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4
Q

Who ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies?

A

the Bourbon Dynasty

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5
Q

By uniting, Italy is trying to avoid the interference of what other countries?

A

France and Austria

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6
Q

What is “Italian Resurgemento”?

A

resurgence and unification in Italy

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7
Q

Who was Giusseppe Giribaldi?

A

leader of the Thousand Red Shirts, a unification movement

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8
Q

Who were the rulers of Sardenia?

A

King Emmanuel II

Prime Minister Cavour

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9
Q

What does Cavour do to improve Sardenia?

A

sets up constitutional monarchy

a major architect for the new government

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10
Q

How does Louis Napoleon try to get out of the Austro-Sardenian War?

A

he arranges a secret meeting with Austrian ruler Franz Joseph at Villa of Frauca

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11
Q

Where do the Prussians mobilize troops during the Austro-Sardenian War?

A

the Rhine River

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12
Q

What treaty ends the Austro-Sardenian War?

A

Treaty of Zurich

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13
Q

What are the conditions of the Treaty of Zurich?

A
  1. Lombardy goes to Sardenia

2. Venetia Stays with Austria

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14
Q

Who leads the Rebellion in Sicily?

A

Garibaldi and thousands of citizens overthrow the government

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15
Q

What is Cavour’s fear?

A

Garibaldi is trying to get Rome, but he fails

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16
Q

What kind of regional differences plague Italy?

A

South: Agriculture
North: Industry

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17
Q

How do the Catholics feel about unification in Italy?

A

the pope condemned it and the Catholics are suspicious since the pope lost land with the formation of the new country

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18
Q

What does “Italica Irredenta” mean?

A

unredeemed Italy

describes territories that should be included, but aren’t

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19
Q

list the 5 main German states before unification

A
  1. Austria
  2. Prussia
  3. Hanover
  4. Saxony
  5. Bavaria
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20
Q

What was the German Bund?

A

a union of 38 states which met in Frankfurt to govern

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21
Q

Who controls the German Bund?

A

Austria, which the Prussians resent

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22
Q

What was the Zollverien?

A

an attempt by Prussia to remove internal tariffs in Germany, excluding Austria

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23
Q

list the two types of German unification ideas

A
  1. Large Germany: include Austria

2. Small Germany: exclude Austria

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24
Q

What was the Frankfurt Parliament?

A

an attempt to create a Federal Empire, but fails because Prussian King Frederick rejects the offer to rule

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25
Q

Who is unification finally established under?

A

Prussian leadership

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26
Q

Who rules under German unification?

A

King Wilhelm I

Chancellor Bismarck

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27
Q

What is Real Politik?

A

the idea that perfect utopian society isn’t achievable and therefore should be disregarded and government should instead act in it’s own best interest

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28
Q

Who develops and practices Real Politik?

A

Chancellor Bismarck

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29
Q

What was the Schleswig-Holstein Question?

A

Hanover and Saxony (German states) send troops to Denmark to fight over the territory

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30
Q

What settled the Scheswig-Holstein battle?

A

the Treaty of Vienna which gives Prussia and Austria the territory

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31
Q

What treaty ends the Austro-Prussian War?

A

Treaty of Prague

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32
Q

What were the conditions of the Treaty of Prague?

A
  1. German Bund is destroyed

2. Northern German Confederation is formed (an alliance between Northern states and Prussia)

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33
Q

What started the Franco-Prussian War?

A

Bismarck edits some telegraphs and such to make the French angry after the 2nd Ems Meeting

34
Q

Who do the French ask to rule Spain, to which the Prussians object?

A

Leopold of Hoenzallen

35
Q

What was the most important battle of the Franco-Prussian War and why?

A

Battle of Sedan

Louis Napoleon is captured

36
Q

Where is German Unification made official?

A

Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles

37
Q

What treaty ends the Franco-Prussian War?

A

the Treaty of Frankfurt

38
Q

What were the conditions of the Treaty of Frankfurt?

A
  1. France must pay indemnity of $5 billion

2. Alsace Loraine is given to Germany

39
Q

Who rules the German empire?

A

Kaiser Willhelm I

Chief Minister Bismarck

40
Q

What is Germany’s reputation as a result of unification?

A

Germany is most feared nation in Europe due to wealth and military power

41
Q

What was Bismarck’s goal for German foreign policy?

A

isolate France

42
Q

What countries made up the First Three Emperors League?

A
  1. Germany
  2. Russia
  3. Austria-Hungary
43
Q

What countries made up the Triple Alliance?

A
  1. Germany
  2. Austria-Hungary
  3. Italy
44
Q

Who is made president of France’s Third Republic after Louis Napoleon is captured?

A

Adolphe Theirs, who negotiates peace with Germany

45
Q

After the treaty between Germany and France, what happens?

A

the Commune (revolutionary radical government) is crushed

46
Q

What was the Panama Canal Scandal?

A

some government regulators take bribes, even though the canal workers have a high death rate and engineering difficulties

47
Q

What was the Boulanger Affair?

A

Georges Balanger (Minister of War) is charged with safety against the state after an attempt to take down the republic and flees to Belgium where he committs suicide

48
Q

What is the Dreyfus Affair?

A

Alford Dryfus (a Jew) is charged with espionage and sent to jail to die, but later Picquart discovers that Esterhazy is actually the spy and leaks it to a member of the press, Zolah, so Dryfus is freed and Esterhazy flees

49
Q

What territory does France gain during this time period?

A

Indo-China (Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia)

50
Q

Who is the colonial rival of France?

A

Great Britain

51
Q

What is Austria-Hungary’s nickname?

A

the Dual Monarchy

52
Q

Who is the Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary?

A

Franz Joseph

53
Q

What created the Austria-Hungary Empire?

A

The Compromise of 1867

54
Q

Who was Deak Ferenec?

A

“Wise Man of the Nation” who was in favor of the empire

55
Q

What are some examples of things jointly operated in the empire?

A
  1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  2. Ministry of War
  3. Ministry of Finance
  4. Same Monarch, Separate Parliaments
56
Q

What is the largest minority in the A-H empire?

A

Slavs

57
Q

What did the Jewish Emancipation Act of 1868 do?

A

grants Jews equality before the law

58
Q

What was Alexander II’s main focus at tsar of Russia?

A

reform

59
Q

What were Zemstvos?

A

local councils composed of nobility set up to govern things like schools and medical care
leaders of the reformation in Russia

60
Q

What was the Emancipation Act of 1861?

A

it ended serfdom in Russia

61
Q

What group came out of the Nihilist Movement in Russia?

A

The People’s Will

this group eventually assassinates the tsar

62
Q

Who is the Minister of the Interior and what does he do?

A

Mikhail Loris-Meikov

he promotes reform within the police force

63
Q

What kind of governmental change does Alexander II promote?

A

he wants a constitution, but this dissolves when he is assassinated

64
Q

Who was the Prime Minister who lead the liberals?

A

William Gladstone

65
Q

Who was the Prime Minister who lead the conservatives?

A

Benjamin Disraeli

66
Q

What were the big issues in England at the time?

A
  1. Ireland

2. suffrage reform

67
Q

Describe a typical Liberal (Whig)

A 
large land owners
involved in trade/commerce
laissez-faire
civil rights
extend suffrage
68
Q

Describe a typical Conservative (Tory)

A 
military officers
landed gentry (people who want titles)
most middle class people
69
Q

What is Ireland trying to do?

A

disestablish the church of Ireland, and succeeds when Queen Victoria intervenes

70
Q

What does the Irish Land Act do?

A
  1. provides protection over rent increases

2. provides compensation for improvements

71
Q

What was the Education Act of 1870?

A

creates public elementary schools

72
Q

Who leads military reform in England?

A

Edward Cardwell

73
Q

How does Cardwell reform the military?

A
  1. expands reserves
  2. shortens enlistment term
  3. ends practice of purchasing commissions
74
Q

What was the Trade Union Act of 1875?

A

allows unions more freedom in strikes

75
Q

What was the Artisans Dwelling Act?

A

gave government authority to condemn slums and knock them down

76
Q

What was the Food and Drug Act?

A

regulated anything sold OTC

77
Q

What was the Public Health Act?

A

establishes codes for sanitation

78
Q

What was the Factory and Workshop Act?

A

establishes industrial codes and regulations

79
Q

What two key things happen under Disraeli’s leadership?

A
  1. Suez Canal is constructed

2. Victoria is made Empress of India

80
Q

What key event happens under Gladstone and causes the Liberals to lose power?

A

Mahdi leads a revolt against the British Garrison in Sudan and the British soldiers are killed

81
Q

Who leads the British in Sudan?

A

General Charles “Chinese” Gordon

82
Q

What issue causes the Liberal party to finally split?

A

Irish are given their own parliament

AP Euro (10 decks)

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