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AP Euro > Chapter 1 Test: 8/26 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Test: 8/26 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Structure of Catholic Church

A

Presbyters- priests of local villages
Bishop- over a diocese (a cluster of churches)
Archbishop- in charge of several diocese
Patriarch- in charge of several Archbishops

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2
Q

5 Patriarchal Cities of the Time

A

Constantinople, Rome, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Antioch

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3
Q

7 Sacrements

A
  1. baptism
  2. confirmation (become adult church member)
  3. penance (confession to priest)
  4. Holy Eucharist (communion)
  5. Extreme Unction (last rights)
  6. matrimony (only Catholics marry eachother)
  7. Holy Orders (priests, nuns, monks)
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4
Q

Capital of HRE

A

Aix-La-Chapelle

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5
Q

Clovis

A

First German King to become Catholic

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6
Q

Charles Martel

A

wins battle of Tours which stops the Muslims from entering into Europe

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7
Q

Pepin the Short

A

makes a deal with the Pope where he will give him land if the Pope supports him as king

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8
Q

Charlemagne

A

becomes king after a deal with the Pope; now Pope’s will claim they have power to choose the king

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9
Q

Petrine Theory

A

Peter was head of the church on Earth as Jesus’ successor, the Pope is Peter’s successor, therefore the Pope has the power of Jesus on Earth

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10
Q

Donation of Constantine

A

Emperor of Constantine endowed the Bishop of Rome as governor of the city. Later to be found as forgery.

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11
Q

Asceticism

A

denial to one’s self of lawful pleasure or the infliction upon one’s self of unnecessary hardships in order to discover some hidden truth through some form of supernatural revelation

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12
Q

St. Anthony of Egypt

A

first monk; creates Antonian System

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13
Q

St. Basil of Greece

A

establishes first montestary

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14
Q

purposes of montestaries

A
  1. manual labor

2. worship

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15
Q

St. Benedict

A

founder of Latin monasticism: chastity, poverty, labor, worship in montestaries

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16
Q

Uliflas

A

missionary sent to convert goths; first to translate the Bible into German

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17
Q

King of Kent

A

first English king to be converted to Catholicism

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18
Q

Council of Chalcedon

A

purpose: to discuss the nature of Christ
Eastern: Christ totally divine, not man at all
Western: Christ was divine AND man

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19
Q

important factors of the split of the Catholic church

A

icons (images, pictures, statues of Jesus)

Pope of Rome and Constantinople excommunicate eachother

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20
Q

3 fields system

A

only two fields are used by farmers a year while the other one cultivates as the fields are rotated yearly

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21
Q

merchant guilds

A

association within town of merchants
could tax non-member merchants
set standards, prices, rules, and regulations

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22
Q

craft guilds

A

establish wages, standards

apprentice–> journeyman –> master craftsman

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23
Q

fuedalism

A

land ownership in exchange for personal loyalty

24
Q

scutage

A

allowed a knight to “buy out” of the military service due to the Crown

25
Q

investiture

A

ceremony where king gives land and rank to a duke

26
Q

Aristotle

A

becomes the standard of thinking and education and politics

27
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

writes Summa Theologica: faith and reason don’t conflict

28
Q

Cluny, France

A

reform of Catholic church starts here

29
Q

goals of the reform

A
  1. clergy needs to be looked up to not down on

2. would only recognize pope’s authority

30
Q

Pope Nicholas II

A

declares that all future Pope’s must be elected by the College of Cardinals

31
Q

Pope Gregory VII’s Reformation criteria

A
  1. the world is a religious community centered by the Pope
  2. the church is judge/guide of all human actions
  3. the pope can judge/punish rulers like kings
  4. priesthood must be celibate
  5. no seperation of church and state: the church is as powerful as the king if not more
32
Q

lay investiture

A

HRE King Henry IV says that kings can appoint religious clergy

33
Q

result of lay investiture

A

Pope Gregory VII rejects it; declares Henry IV as a fraud and excommunicates him and his supporters (including the priests Henry had appointed)
Henry pilgrimaged to Cannosa for the forgiveness of the Pope who accepts it but Henry ignores and still appoints clergy and is excommunicated again

34
Q

Concordant of Worms

A

Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV settle dispute

  1. Pope appoints bishops
  2. in affairs of state bishops are loyal to king
  3. in affairs of church, bishop is loyal to the Pope
  4. king gave up power of lay invesiture
35
Q

purpose of the Crusades

A
  1. free holy lands from Muslims
  2. unite all Christians
  3. encourage nobility to unite (no feudalism)
36
Q

1st Crusade

A

most successful

takes over Jerusalem

37
Q

Golden Mean

A

modernization through Western Europe

38
Q

Greek form of Government

A

City-States (Athens, Sparta, etc)

39
Q

The Republic

A

written by Plato

40
Q

Herodatus

A

“father of history”

41
Q

Classical Virtues

A
  1. order
  2. balance
  3. symmetry
  4. clarity
  5. control
42
Q

Pax Romana

A

period of peace within Rome

43
Q

Roman Law

A

Rome’s greatest contribution to modern society

44
Q

Virgil

A

wrote Aeneid (poetry/literature)

45
Q

Kalaf

A

leader of Islam

46
Q

Constantine

A

1st Christian emporer

47
Q

Latin

A

official language of HRE

48
Q

St. Augustine

A

writes City of God which discuses man’s subjection to a higher power and the two worlds: temporal (Earth) and eternal (Heaven

49
Q

changes in early Christianity

A
  1. stresses the importance of each soul
  2. defines end of Earth/afterlife
  3. man should help fellow man
  4. political power comes from God
50
Q

Justinian Code (Corpis Juris)

A
  1. Digest: collection of extracts form the writings of lead Roman emporers
  2. Code: statutes
  3. Institutes: textbook for law
  4. Novels: laws passed after Justinian Code
51
Q

elements of Roman Law

A
  1. all men are equal before the law

2. people have a right to legal protection

52
Q

Cicero

A

“father of Latin pros”

53
Q

Horace

A

writer of Odes (poems)

54
Q

Ptolemy

A

said Earth is the center of the universe

55
Q

Thucydides

A

wrote history of war between Greek city-states

AP Euro (10 decks)

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