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AP Euro > Chapter 8 Test: 3/5 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Test: 3/5 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

What country first experiences the industrial revolution?

A

Great Britain

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1
Q

Why was Europe’s economy on the decline in the early 1800s? (Know 3)

A
  1. Sudden stoppage of war production materials
  2. Unemployment rose
  3. Government debt from war
  4. Inflated prices
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2
Q

What were the Enclosure Acts?

A

Enclosed the common land with fences, etc. so that the governments private property can be rented out to farmers

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3
Q

Effects of the Enclosure Acts

A
  1. Greater productivity

2. Displaces poor or homeless people

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4
Q

What was the merchant marine?

A

Trade over see or merchants using water for transportation of goods; Navy grows to protect them

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5
Q

Thomas Newcomen

A

Builds the first economically significant steam engine that is used to drive pumps in coal mines

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6
Q

John Kay

A

Developed a fly shuttle which allows a single person to operate the loom

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7
Q

Richard Arkwright

A

Develops a steam engine engine powerful enough to drive spinning wheels

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8
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Invents the cotton gin which increases cotton market and demand

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9
Q

George Stephenson

A

Invented “The Rocket” which was the first successful locomotive

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10
Q

Who wrote Wealth of Nations?

A

Adam Smith

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11
Q

describe the Manchester School of Economics

A

led by Thomas Equilibrium and David Ricardo
believed that certain natural laws govern
everyone should follow own best interest

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12
Q

What did Ricardo believe were duties of the government?

A

protect life, property, provide reasonable laws, reliable courts, and assure the discharge of private contracts

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13
Q

Principles of the Manchester School of Econ

A
  1. Each has own enlightened best interest
  2. Government has duties
  3. Free trade
  4. Business education and charity is a private initiative
  5. Iron law of wagers
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14
Q

Who was prime minister during the industrial revolution?

A

Robert Jenkins (Tory)

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15
Q

What were Robert Jenkin’s beliefs?

A
  1. Laissez-faire

2. No government relief for social or economical issues

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16
Q

What was the Corn Law?

A

Eliminated foreign grain by placing a high tariff on it

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17
Q

Henry Hunt

A

believed in universal suffrage and annual parliamentary meetings

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18
Q

Francis Place

A

Forms labor union for political action

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19
Q

William Cobbet

A

Editor of register; wants to reform parliament, church, suffrage, corn laws, and repudiate national debt

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20
Q

Arthur Thistlewood

A

Violent revolutionist aiming to overthrow the monarchy in favor of a republic and who organized the Spafield Rally

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21
Q

Purpose of the Cato Street Conspiracy

A

Assassinate the Prime Minister/Cabinet and declare a republic, but fails

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22
Q

Peterlou Massacre

A

Led by Henry Hunt in Manchester England;

Militia is sent in and tracks crowd

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23
Q

George V

A

Unpopular because runs up gambling/partying debt

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24
Q

Prime Minister under George V

A

Canning (Tory); first to understand and manipulate public opinion

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25
Q

Sir Robert Peal

A

Secretary of Home Affairs

Initiates Metropolitan Police Act

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26
Q

Duke of Wellington

A

PM after Canning

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27
Q

What is the biggest issue in Britain?

A

Irish/Catholic relations

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28
Q

Who leads the Irish?

A

Daniel O’Connell

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29
Q

Catholic Relief Bill of 1829

A

Allowed Irish the right to vote and restored Irish parliament

30
Q

Effects of the Catholic Belief Bill

A

Splits the Torys, they go out of power

31
Q

Who is king of GB after George V?

A

William IV

32
Q

What happens under king William?

A

Slavery is abolished

33
Q

Reform Bill of 1832

A

Gives middle class more say in government

34
Q

Factory Act of 1832

A

Prohibits child labor

35
Q

Education Act of 1833

A

Begins public education in Britain

36
Q

Poor Laws of 1834

A

Only receive public aid if income is under certain level

37
Q

Who rules after William IV?

A

Victoria

38
Q

Victorian Compromise?

A
  1. The nobility and the middle class control the government

2. Laws will be passed to protect working class and poor

39
Q

Chartest Movement

A

Put together “people’s charter”

40
Q

What did the People’s Charter say?

A
  1. Demand universal suffrage
  2. Voting by ballot
  3. Annual parliament meetings
  4. Remove property qualifications
  5. Equal electoral districts
41
Q

Anti Corn Law League

A

Led by Robert Cobden and John Bright

Want to repeal the laws

42
Q

First Restored King of France

A

Louis XVIII

43
Q

the first constitution of France after the monarchy is restored

A

The Charter

44
Q

Article 14

A

Allows king to rule by decree in an emergency

45
Q

The White Terror

A

Bonapartists are lynched; foreign troops are withdrawn but France is still feared

46
Q

Last Bourbon King

A

Charles X

47
Q

Charles X’s Ideas

A
  1. New restrictive press laws
  2. Attempts to increase prestige of Catholic Church
  3. Financially compensates nobles who lost their property in the revolution
  4. Publicly refers to the a Divine Right of Kings
  5. Abolishes National Guard
48
Q

Le Nationale

A

By Adolphe Theirs

  1. More liberal government
  2. Wants to replace dynasty with House of Orleans
49
Q

July Ordinance

A
  1. King calls elections invalid
  2. King calls for new elections
  3. Restricts number of voters
  4. New censorship of media
50
Q

What sparked the French Revolution?

A

July Ordinance

51
Q

Who becomes King when Charles abdicates the throne?

A

“Miracle Child” with Louis Phillipe as regent

52
Q

Orleanist Liberalism

A

Anyone who works hard can earn the right to vote

54
Q

What kind of policies did Louis Phillipe make?

A

Middle of the road; semi liberal/conservative

55
Q

Who abdicates the throne during the Revolution of 1848?

A

Louis Phillipe

56
Q

What is established after the Revolution of 1848?

A

The 2nd Republic

57
Q

What was the Club of Clubs?

A

supporters of the monarchy who win the new election

58
Q

June Days Uprising

A

violence erupts in protest of the new elections

59
Q

General Louis Caviagnac

A

given temporary powers of a dictator for 6 months to restore order and crush the rebellion

60
Q

Who is elected as leader of the 2nd Republic?

A

Louis Napoleon

61
Q

What are the divisions of Monarchists?

A
  1. Burbonists
  2. Orleanists
  3. Bonapartists
62
Q

Who is the liberal king of Prussia who promises reform?

A

Frederick Wilhelm

63
Q

What does Wilhelm do to try to make the people like him?

A

he sends the army out of the city, but then the people form their own Constitutional Assembly so he calls the army back in and proposes a new constitution himself

64
Q

Who led Wilhelm’s government?

A

Ludolph Camphausen

65
Q

What countries were involved in the Crimean War?

A
  1. Ottoman Empire
  2. Russia
  3. Britain
  4. France
  5. Sardenia
66
Q

What sparks the Crimean War?

A

who gets the keys to the Holy Places in Jerusalem

67
Q

What was the Vienna Note?

A

an attempt by the Austrians to negotiate between the Turks and the Russians but they reject it

68
Q

Who destroyed the Turkish fleet and what city was bombed?

A

Russia destroys fleet; bombs Sinop (turns public opinion against the war)

69
Q

What was the goal of the allied forces through most of the Crimean War?

A

capture Sevastapol

70
Q

During what battle do the allies finally accomplish their goal?

A

Battle of Alma River

71
Q

What happens at the Battle of Balaclava?

A

the infamous Charge of the Light Brigade by the British army which inspired Tennison’s poem

72
Q

What was Austria’s loophole regarding entering the Crimean War in the Four Point of Vienna?

A

they will only enter if other German states provide support

73
Q

Describe the Treaty of Paris of 1856

A
  1. Russia renounces it’s role as protector of Orthodox Christians
  2. Declaration of Paris: noncontroban must be respected on Neutral Ships

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