Chapter 8 Test: 3/5 Flashcards
What country first experiences the industrial revolution?
Great Britain
Why was Europe’s economy on the decline in the early 1800s? (Know 3)
- Sudden stoppage of war production materials
- Unemployment rose
- Government debt from war
- Inflated prices
What were the Enclosure Acts?
Enclosed the common land with fences, etc. so that the governments private property can be rented out to farmers
Effects of the Enclosure Acts
- Greater productivity
2. Displaces poor or homeless people
What was the merchant marine?
Trade over see or merchants using water for transportation of goods; Navy grows to protect them
Thomas Newcomen
Builds the first economically significant steam engine that is used to drive pumps in coal mines
John Kay
Developed a fly shuttle which allows a single person to operate the loom
Richard Arkwright
Develops a steam engine engine powerful enough to drive spinning wheels
Eli Whitney
Invents the cotton gin which increases cotton market and demand
George Stephenson
Invented “The Rocket” which was the first successful locomotive
Who wrote Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
describe the Manchester School of Economics
led by Thomas Equilibrium and David Ricardo
believed that certain natural laws govern
everyone should follow own best interest
What did Ricardo believe were duties of the government?
protect life, property, provide reasonable laws, reliable courts, and assure the discharge of private contracts
Principles of the Manchester School of Econ
- Each has own enlightened best interest
- Government has duties
- Free trade
- Business education and charity is a private initiative
- Iron law of wagers
Who was prime minister during the industrial revolution?
Robert Jenkins (Tory)
What were Robert Jenkin’s beliefs?
- Laissez-faire
2. No government relief for social or economical issues
What was the Corn Law?
Eliminated foreign grain by placing a high tariff on it
Henry Hunt
believed in universal suffrage and annual parliamentary meetings
Francis Place
Forms labor union for political action
William Cobbet
Editor of register; wants to reform parliament, church, suffrage, corn laws, and repudiate national debt
Arthur Thistlewood
Violent revolutionist aiming to overthrow the monarchy in favor of a republic and who organized the Spafield Rally
Purpose of the Cato Street Conspiracy
Assassinate the Prime Minister/Cabinet and declare a republic, but fails
Peterlou Massacre
Led by Henry Hunt in Manchester England;
Militia is sent in and tracks crowd
George V
Unpopular because runs up gambling/partying debt
Prime Minister under George V
Canning (Tory); first to understand and manipulate public opinion
Sir Robert Peal
Secretary of Home Affairs
Initiates Metropolitan Police Act
Duke of Wellington
PM after Canning
What is the biggest issue in Britain?
Irish/Catholic relations
Who leads the Irish?
Daniel O’Connell
Catholic Relief Bill of 1829
Allowed Irish the right to vote and restored Irish parliament
Effects of the Catholic Belief Bill
Splits the Torys, they go out of power
Who is king of GB after George V?
William IV
What happens under king William?
Slavery is abolished
Reform Bill of 1832
Gives middle class more say in government
Factory Act of 1832
Prohibits child labor
Education Act of 1833
Begins public education in Britain
Poor Laws of 1834
Only receive public aid if income is under certain level
Who rules after William IV?
Victoria
Victorian Compromise?
- The nobility and the middle class control the government
2. Laws will be passed to protect working class and poor
Chartest Movement
Put together “people’s charter”
What did the People’s Charter say?
- Demand universal suffrage
- Voting by ballot
- Annual parliament meetings
- Remove property qualifications
- Equal electoral districts
Anti Corn Law League
Led by Robert Cobden and John Bright
Want to repeal the laws
First Restored King of France
Louis XVIII
the first constitution of France after the monarchy is restored
The Charter
Article 14
Allows king to rule by decree in an emergency
The White Terror
Bonapartists are lynched; foreign troops are withdrawn but France is still feared
Last Bourbon King
Charles X
Charles X’s Ideas
- New restrictive press laws
- Attempts to increase prestige of Catholic Church
- Financially compensates nobles who lost their property in the revolution
- Publicly refers to the a Divine Right of Kings
- Abolishes National Guard
Le Nationale
By Adolphe Theirs
- More liberal government
- Wants to replace dynasty with House of Orleans
July Ordinance
- King calls elections invalid
- King calls for new elections
- Restricts number of voters
- New censorship of media
What sparked the French Revolution?
July Ordinance
Who becomes King when Charles abdicates the throne?
“Miracle Child” with Louis Phillipe as regent
Orleanist Liberalism
Anyone who works hard can earn the right to vote
What kind of policies did Louis Phillipe make?
Middle of the road; semi liberal/conservative
Who abdicates the throne during the Revolution of 1848?
Louis Phillipe
What is established after the Revolution of 1848?
The 2nd Republic
What was the Club of Clubs?
supporters of the monarchy who win the new election
June Days Uprising
violence erupts in protest of the new elections
General Louis Caviagnac
given temporary powers of a dictator for 6 months to restore order and crush the rebellion
Who is elected as leader of the 2nd Republic?
Louis Napoleon
What are the divisions of Monarchists?
- Burbonists
- Orleanists
- Bonapartists
Who is the liberal king of Prussia who promises reform?
Frederick Wilhelm
What does Wilhelm do to try to make the people like him?
he sends the army out of the city, but then the people form their own Constitutional Assembly so he calls the army back in and proposes a new constitution himself
Who led Wilhelm’s government?
Ludolph Camphausen
What countries were involved in the Crimean War?
- Ottoman Empire
- Russia
- Britain
- France
- Sardenia
What sparks the Crimean War?
who gets the keys to the Holy Places in Jerusalem
What was the Vienna Note?
an attempt by the Austrians to negotiate between the Turks and the Russians but they reject it
Who destroyed the Turkish fleet and what city was bombed?
Russia destroys fleet; bombs Sinop (turns public opinion against the war)
What was the goal of the allied forces through most of the Crimean War?
capture Sevastapol
During what battle do the allies finally accomplish their goal?
Battle of Alma River
What happens at the Battle of Balaclava?
the infamous Charge of the Light Brigade by the British army which inspired Tennison’s poem
What was Austria’s loophole regarding entering the Crimean War in the Four Point of Vienna?
they will only enter if other German states provide support
Describe the Treaty of Paris of 1856
- Russia renounces it’s role as protector of Orthodox Christians
- Declaration of Paris: noncontroban must be respected on Neutral Ships
