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AP Euro > Chapter 4 Test: 11/4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Test: 11/4 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Theory of the Balance of Power

A

in this alliance there is always one nation that holds or controls the balance of power which is the nation that is the most necessary in the alliance

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2
Q

“Sick Man” of Europe

A

Spain

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3
Q

King Charles II

A

king of Spain; when he dies HRE and France will fight over his estate

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4
Q

Dutch capitol

A

The Hague

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5
Q

two types of Protestants in Europe

A

Orthodox and Arminius

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6
Q

what did Arminius believe?

A

toned down the finality of predestination

executed for heresy; later became common teaching

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7
Q

who do the Dutch replace as top trader?

A

Portugal

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8
Q

who is the top trader in the east?

A

the Dutch

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9
Q

how is the Dutch government set up?

A

each province chooses an Estate General

each province chooses a Stat Holder but traditionally they choose the same one and he becomes the leader

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10
Q

who is the first Stat Holder?

A

William of Orange

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11
Q

what is the major concern of the Dutch?

A

military security

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12
Q

why don’t the Burgers want war?

A

it would disrupt trade

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13
Q

The Navigation Acts

A

passed by England

said that British colonies can’t trade with anyone but the UK unless using British ships

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14
Q

effect of the Navigation Acts

A

kills Dutch trade

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15
Q

why are the Dutch concerned when France invades the Spanish Netherlands?

A

the Dutch want to keep the Netherlands as a buffer zone between them and France

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16
Q

what three countries is the UK made up of and what are their religions?

A
  1. England: Anglicans
  2. Ireland: Catholic
  3. Scotland: Presbyterian
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17
Q

Stewart Rulers in order

A
  1. James I
  2. Charles I
  3. Charles II
  4. James II
  5. William and Mary
  6. Ann
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18
Q

which religious group is persecuted in the Commonwealth?

A

the Catholics

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19
Q

Prides Purge

A

Cromwell drives out members of Parliament who won’t agree to kill the king

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20
Q

The Rump

A

remaining members of Parliament after the purge who are responsible for the kings death

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21
Q

The Levelers leader

A

John Lilburne

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22
Q

Agreement of the People

A

document by the Levelers

  1. universal manhood suffrage
  2. equality in parliament representation
  3. written constitution
  4. religious tolerance
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23
Q

Society of Friends (Quakers) founder

A

George Fox

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24
Q

SOF beliefs

A
  1. equality

2. pacifism

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25
Q

Diggers founder

A

Gerard Winstanly

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26
Q

Diggers goal

A

occupy common land without actually owning the property

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27
Q

Fifth Monarchy Men

A

radical puritans who turn against the commonwealth and are killed
believe the return of Christ is signaled but the fall of the monarchy

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28
Q

why does the Commonwealth fail?

A
  1. dictatorial government and heavy taxes
  2. Puritan role in execution of Charles I
  3. Puritan intolerance of the Anglican religion
  4. severe puritan moral code
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29
Q

who is made king after the restoration of the monarchy?

A

Charles II

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30
Q

why do the people like Charles II?

A
  1. he doesn’t provoke parliament

2. he is supported by the church of England

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31
Q

what laws were made to limit Puritans?

A
  1. can’t hold public office
  2. ministers can’t teach school
  3. prohibit all Puritan religious meetings
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32
Q

Act of Settlement

A

each parish is responsible for their own poor

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33
Q

result of the Act of Settlement

A

economic growth is slowed because the population is demobilized

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34
Q

Declaration of Brida

A

returns land to Cavaliers who supper the King in war

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35
Q

Test Act

A

only members of the church of England can serve in the government or the military (targets Puritans/Catholics)

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36
Q

Whigs

A

want to exclude James from the throne

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37
Q

Torys

A

supporters of King James

38
Q

Treaty of Dover

A

between England and France

England will declare war on Holland in exchange for money

39
Q

why does England agree to the Treaty of Dover?

A

Charles needed money to bypass parliament

40
Q

Why is James an unpopular king?

A
  1. believes in Divine Right of Kings

2. Pro-Catholic (straw that breaks the camels back: has his son sprinkled/baptized into Catholicism)

41
Q

Battle of the Buoyan River

A

William and Mary win; James flees to France

42
Q

goal of French Foreign Policy during William and Mary’s reign of England

A

return James to the throne since they are his allies

43
Q

purpose of the English Bill of Rights

A
  1. can’t suspend law
  2. can’t levy taxes
  3. can’t maintain an army
  4. parliament must meet frequently
44
Q

Toleration Act

A

grants religious freedom to all Protestants

45
Q

Act of Settlement

A

King of England can’t be Catholic (still stands today)

46
Q

purpose of the Penal Code

A

to weaken Ireland so much that she wouldn’t be a threat in a war with France

47
Q

examples of the Penal Code

A
  1. banish Catholic clergy
  2. Catholics can’t vote/be in Parliament
  3. Catholics can’t be teachers
  4. no catholics allowed at Trinity College
  5. can’t send kids to Catholic schools overseas
48
Q

who is the last Steward ruler?

A

Ann

49
Q

Act of Union

A

joins England and Scotland into the UK

50
Q

who is the king of Francy in the late 1600s?

A

Louis XIV

51
Q

who is Louis’s chief advisor?

A

Cardinal Mazarin

52
Q

what does Louis believe in?

A

Divine Right of Kings

Absolutism

53
Q

what is Louis’ favorite book?

A

“Political Ideas Derived from the Very Holy Words of Scripture” by Bishop Bossuet

54
Q

L’e’tat, c’est moi

A

I am the State

55
Q

who becomes the role model for other governments?

A

France; Louis XIV

56
Q

who is Louis’s minister of war?

A

Marquis de Louvois

57
Q

how does Louis control the nobility?

A
  1. by taxing them but giving exemptions to loyalists

2. requiring them to live in Versailles

58
Q

who is Louis’s financial minister?

A

Jean Baptista Colbert

59
Q

what does Colbert do to help France?

A
  1. introduces mercantilism

2. Five Free Farms: no internal tariff in certain zones

60
Q

who is paying most of the taxes in France?

A

the peasants

61
Q

why do the Hugenots leave France?

A

Louis revoked the Edict of Nance

62
Q

what did the Edict of Nance say?

A

France tolerated Protestantism

63
Q

what were Louis’s goals?

A
  1. extend France’s border to the Rhine River
  2. obtain Spanish inheritance
  3. create a universal monarchy
64
Q

results of the First French Dutch War

A

French fail; nothing happens

65
Q

Treaty of Nimwegen

A

ends the Second French Dutch War

gives French the Comte

66
Q

who saves Vienna from the Turks?

A

King of Poland (John Seblansky)

67
Q

where are the Turks from and what religion are they?

A

Ottoman Empire

Muslim

68
Q

what nations are a part of the League of Augsburg?

A
  1. HRE
  2. Spain
  3. Sweden
  4. Bavaria
  5. Saxony
  6. Palentine
  7. Holland
  8. UK
69
Q

who is the League of Augsburg against?

A

France

70
Q

why is the War of the Spanish Succession significant?

A

first war where religious tension isn’t the main source

71
Q

who leads the UK Grand Alliance?

A

John Churchill

72
Q

who leads the Holland/HRE/Brandenburg/Portugal/Savoy Grand Alliance?

A

Eugene of Savoy

73
Q

what treaty ends the War of the SS?

A

Peace of Ultrech

74
Q

results of the War of the SS?

A
  1. English get Gibraltor
  2. Duke of Savoy (ruler of Sardenia) is officially recognized as king
  3. Spain gets to keep its colonies and Phillip V becomes their King (grandson of Louis)
  4. France is in debt, so the nobility and parliament is revived
75
Q

Why was the Stuart Dynasty unpopular?

A
  1. Claimed the Divine Right of Kings
  2. Pursued Pro-Spain foreign policy
  3. Discriminated against Puritans
  4. High taxes
  5. Imprisoned political opponents without fair trial
  6. Raised money without Parliament approval
76
Q

What two ideas did James I believe in?

A
  1. Royal absolutism

2. Divine Right of Kings

77
Q

True Law of Free Monarchy

A

Idea of Divine Right of Kings

78
Q

What was James I’s #1 problem?

A

Finances: not enough money

79
Q

Why were James I’s finances bad?

A

Only parliament (which was growing in Puritans) could raise taxes and they were suspicious of James

80
Q

Who was King during the start of the English civil war?

A

Charles I

81
Q

What is Charles big problem?

A

He needs money but Parliament says no so he raises it himself

82
Q

Purpose of the Petition of Rights

A

Parliament’s attempt to lessen the kings authority

83
Q

What did the Petition of Rights do?

A
  1. Couldn’t levy taxes without Parliament’s consent
  2. People couldn’t be imprisoned without specific charge and provision of jury trial
  3. King couldn’t quarter soldiers in private homes without owners permission
84
Q

What does Charles do to defend the coast and shipping?

A

Expand the navy by illegally raising money again

85
Q

What was Parliament called when it gained Puritans?

A

long parliament

86
Q

What were supporters of the king called?

A

Cavaliers

87
Q

What were supporters of parliament called?

A

Roundheads

88
Q

Solemn League of Covenant

A

Created by Roundheads

Presbyterianism would become official religion of England and Scotland to gain Scottish support of England

89
Q

Lord Protector of Commonwealth

A

Oliver Cromwell

90
Q

What does the New Model Army do?

A

Captures the king on trial for treason, behead Charles

Wins war

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