Chapter 4 Test: 11/4 Flashcards
Theory of the Balance of Power
in this alliance there is always one nation that holds or controls the balance of power which is the nation that is the most necessary in the alliance
“Sick Man” of Europe
Spain
King Charles II
king of Spain; when he dies HRE and France will fight over his estate
Dutch capitol
The Hague
two types of Protestants in Europe
Orthodox and Arminius
what did Arminius believe?
toned down the finality of predestination
executed for heresy; later became common teaching
who do the Dutch replace as top trader?
Portugal
who is the top trader in the east?
the Dutch
how is the Dutch government set up?
each province chooses an Estate General
each province chooses a Stat Holder but traditionally they choose the same one and he becomes the leader
who is the first Stat Holder?
William of Orange
what is the major concern of the Dutch?
military security
why don’t the Burgers want war?
it would disrupt trade
The Navigation Acts
passed by England
said that British colonies can’t trade with anyone but the UK unless using British ships
effect of the Navigation Acts
kills Dutch trade
why are the Dutch concerned when France invades the Spanish Netherlands?
the Dutch want to keep the Netherlands as a buffer zone between them and France
what three countries is the UK made up of and what are their religions?
- England: Anglicans
- Ireland: Catholic
- Scotland: Presbyterian
Stewart Rulers in order
- James I
- Charles I
- Charles II
- James II
- William and Mary
- Ann
which religious group is persecuted in the Commonwealth?
the Catholics
Prides Purge
Cromwell drives out members of Parliament who won’t agree to kill the king
The Rump
remaining members of Parliament after the purge who are responsible for the kings death
The Levelers leader
John Lilburne
Agreement of the People
document by the Levelers
- universal manhood suffrage
- equality in parliament representation
- written constitution
- religious tolerance
Society of Friends (Quakers) founder
George Fox
SOF beliefs
- equality
2. pacifism
Diggers founder
Gerard Winstanly
Diggers goal
occupy common land without actually owning the property
Fifth Monarchy Men
radical puritans who turn against the commonwealth and are killed
believe the return of Christ is signaled but the fall of the monarchy
why does the Commonwealth fail?
- dictatorial government and heavy taxes
- Puritan role in execution of Charles I
- Puritan intolerance of the Anglican religion
- severe puritan moral code
who is made king after the restoration of the monarchy?
Charles II
why do the people like Charles II?
- he doesn’t provoke parliament
2. he is supported by the church of England
what laws were made to limit Puritans?
- can’t hold public office
- ministers can’t teach school
- prohibit all Puritan religious meetings
Act of Settlement
each parish is responsible for their own poor
result of the Act of Settlement
economic growth is slowed because the population is demobilized
Declaration of Brida
returns land to Cavaliers who supper the King in war
Test Act
only members of the church of England can serve in the government or the military (targets Puritans/Catholics)
Whigs
want to exclude James from the throne
Torys
supporters of King James
Treaty of Dover
between England and France
England will declare war on Holland in exchange for money
why does England agree to the Treaty of Dover?
Charles needed money to bypass parliament
Why is James an unpopular king?
- believes in Divine Right of Kings
2. Pro-Catholic (straw that breaks the camels back: has his son sprinkled/baptized into Catholicism)
Battle of the Buoyan River
William and Mary win; James flees to France
goal of French Foreign Policy during William and Mary’s reign of England
return James to the throne since they are his allies
purpose of the English Bill of Rights
- can’t suspend law
- can’t levy taxes
- can’t maintain an army
- parliament must meet frequently
Toleration Act
grants religious freedom to all Protestants
Act of Settlement
King of England can’t be Catholic (still stands today)
purpose of the Penal Code
to weaken Ireland so much that she wouldn’t be a threat in a war with France
examples of the Penal Code
- banish Catholic clergy
- Catholics can’t vote/be in Parliament
- Catholics can’t be teachers
- no catholics allowed at Trinity College
- can’t send kids to Catholic schools overseas
who is the last Steward ruler?
Ann
Act of Union
joins England and Scotland into the UK
who is the king of Francy in the late 1600s?
Louis XIV
who is Louis’s chief advisor?
Cardinal Mazarin
what does Louis believe in?
Divine Right of Kings
Absolutism
what is Louis’ favorite book?
“Political Ideas Derived from the Very Holy Words of Scripture” by Bishop Bossuet
L’e’tat, c’est moi
I am the State
who becomes the role model for other governments?
France; Louis XIV
who is Louis’s minister of war?
Marquis de Louvois
how does Louis control the nobility?
- by taxing them but giving exemptions to loyalists
2. requiring them to live in Versailles
who is Louis’s financial minister?
Jean Baptista Colbert
what does Colbert do to help France?
- introduces mercantilism
2. Five Free Farms: no internal tariff in certain zones
who is paying most of the taxes in France?
the peasants
why do the Hugenots leave France?
Louis revoked the Edict of Nance
what did the Edict of Nance say?
France tolerated Protestantism
what were Louis’s goals?
- extend France’s border to the Rhine River
- obtain Spanish inheritance
- create a universal monarchy
results of the First French Dutch War
French fail; nothing happens
Treaty of Nimwegen
ends the Second French Dutch War
gives French the Comte
who saves Vienna from the Turks?
King of Poland (John Seblansky)
where are the Turks from and what religion are they?
Ottoman Empire
Muslim
what nations are a part of the League of Augsburg?
- HRE
- Spain
- Sweden
- Bavaria
- Saxony
- Palentine
- Holland
- UK
who is the League of Augsburg against?
France
why is the War of the Spanish Succession significant?
first war where religious tension isn’t the main source
who leads the UK Grand Alliance?
John Churchill
who leads the Holland/HRE/Brandenburg/Portugal/Savoy Grand Alliance?
Eugene of Savoy
what treaty ends the War of the SS?
Peace of Ultrech
results of the War of the SS?
- English get Gibraltor
- Duke of Savoy (ruler of Sardenia) is officially recognized as king
- Spain gets to keep its colonies and Phillip V becomes their King (grandson of Louis)
- France is in debt, so the nobility and parliament is revived
Why was the Stuart Dynasty unpopular?
- Claimed the Divine Right of Kings
- Pursued Pro-Spain foreign policy
- Discriminated against Puritans
- High taxes
- Imprisoned political opponents without fair trial
- Raised money without Parliament approval
What two ideas did James I believe in?
- Royal absolutism
2. Divine Right of Kings
True Law of Free Monarchy
Idea of Divine Right of Kings
What was James I’s #1 problem?
Finances: not enough money
Why were James I’s finances bad?
Only parliament (which was growing in Puritans) could raise taxes and they were suspicious of James
Who was King during the start of the English civil war?
Charles I
What is Charles big problem?
He needs money but Parliament says no so he raises it himself
Purpose of the Petition of Rights
Parliament’s attempt to lessen the kings authority
What did the Petition of Rights do?
- Couldn’t levy taxes without Parliament’s consent
- People couldn’t be imprisoned without specific charge and provision of jury trial
- King couldn’t quarter soldiers in private homes without owners permission
What does Charles do to defend the coast and shipping?
Expand the navy by illegally raising money again
What was Parliament called when it gained Puritans?
long parliament
What were supporters of the king called?
Cavaliers
What were supporters of parliament called?
Roundheads
Solemn League of Covenant
Created by Roundheads
Presbyterianism would become official religion of England and Scotland to gain Scottish support of England
Lord Protector of Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
What does the New Model Army do?
Captures the king on trial for treason, behead Charles
Wins war
