Chapter 7 Test: 1/27 Flashcards
What time period does the Old Regime refer to?
France Pre-Revolution
Who were the king and queen before the French Revolution?
Louis the 16th and Marie Antionette
What problems faced the Regime?
- no uniform legal code
- no free trade in the country
- lack of money
What was most of France’s debt from?
wars
Is the tax system in France successful?
No, there were too many exemptions
define tally
land tax (clergy and nobility are exempt)
define tithe
tax payed to the church by the 3rd estate
Who does Louis need to help him reform taxes?
the Estates General (pre-revolution French parliament)
describe the members of each estate
1st: clergy (1/4)
2nd: nobility(1/4)
3rd: bourgeois (middle class workers, 1/2)
What was the cahiers?
list of grievances and demands by the 3rd estate
What did the cahier say?
- abolish privileges of the nobility
- fair taxation
- give the Estates General power to make laws
- freedom of speech and press
- institute the jury system
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
members of the 3rd estate gather and produce a constitution
What event sparked the French Revolution?
storming of the Bastille
What is the new form of French parliament called?
the National Assembly
What were the parts of the National Assembly and their interests?
- bourgeoisie: government
- peasants: land
- cityworkers: better wages and conditions (most extreme)
What were accomplishments of the National Assembly?
- abolished all feudal obligations to landlords
- abolish the tithe
- abolish tax exemptions for the nobility
- abolish titles for the nobilities
- abolish guilds
What is the name of the constitution made by the National Assembly?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens
What rights does the new constitution focus on?
- liberty
- property
- security
What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
a law passed that said the French government was second to the Catholic church
What was the Committee of Public Safety’s purpose and who was the leader?
to kill all who oppose the revolution (like Louis XVI)
led by Robes Pierre
What were those who fronted the revolution called?
Jackovins
Who reigns during the Reign of Terror?
Robes Pierre
What was the Law of Maximum?
established price control on goods that were considered necessities
Why was Robes Pierre executed?
he initiated the Worship of the Supreme Being (him)
What countries are at war with France?
Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, Holland (everyone)
What replaces the National Assembly?
the Directory (5 members)
What reforms did the Directory establish?
- debtors prisons were abolished
- slavery in the French colonies was abolished
- primogenitor was abolished
- only literate citizens could vote
What was the Clichy Club?
loyalists to the king
What was the Declaration of Verona?
Louis XVIII intends to restore the Old Regime and punish revolutionaries
What was the purpose of the Conspiracy of Equals and who was their leader?
to destroy the directory led by Gracchus Babeauf (who is crushed and executed)
What replaces the Directory?
the Consulate
What happens to the Consulate?
Napoleon abolishes it to make an empire where he is emperor
What were Napolean’s main influences?
- creates a central bank (Bank of France)
- Concordant of 1801: restores Catholic church
- Code Napolean: legal reform
- creates the Legion of Honor
What was Napolean’s major goal?
unite all of Europe under the French government
leader of Russia
Tsar Alexander I
leader of Austria
Frances II (abolished the HRE)
leader of Prussia
Frederick Willhelm III
leader of Britain
George III and PM William Pitt
Battle of Ulhm
French defeat Austrians
Napolean’s first big victory
Battle of Transfalgar
Britain’s Horatio Nelson defeats the French
Battle of Austerlitz
Napolean defeats the combined Prussian/Austria army
Treaty of Pressburg
following the Battle of Austerlitz, Prussia drops out
Confederation of the Rhine
a union of German states as allies of the French and Napolean
Battle of Freidland
Napoleon defeats Russia
Treaty of Tilsit
after Freidland, Russia and Napoleon sign a treaty and Russia joins continental system
What was the purpose of The Continental System?
- economically destroy England
2. allow France to dominate Europe’s economy
What was the Berlin Decree?
installed the Continental System in Europe and said that no British imports were allowed
What was the Milan Decree?
Napoleon says that no country in the Continental System can trade with Britain to enforce the Berlin Decree
Why does the Continental System fail?
- Europeans desire American/British goods
- Europeans place high tariffs on each other
- France was only looking out for theirself
Why does Napoleon make king of Spain?
his brother Joseph
What did the Duke of Wellington do?
defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo
What book did JG Herder write?
Ideas on Philosophy of Manking
What did JG Herder’s book focus on?
volksgeist: culture and civilization must arise from natural roots
Who was chief minister of Prussia?
Barron Heinreich von Stein
What did von Stein do?
- destroyed the French
2. prevents a revolution in Prussia
What was the Congress of Erfurt?
German rulers meet with the Tsar of Russia
Why did the Russian’s not like the Grand Duchy of Warsaw?
they saw it as a possible Polish revolution
Who led the Congress of Vienna?
Austrian Prime Minister Clemens von Metternich which divided Europe among the new powers
Who does Louis XVIII marry after divorcing Josephine of Spain?
Marie Louise of Austria
Who withdrew Russia from the Continental System?
Michael Kutuzov
Battle of Leipsig
Napleon is defeated and severly weakened
Who made the Frankfurt Proposal and what was it?
Meternich
Napoleon can remain emperor if he surrenders, but he rejects it
What treaty forms the Quad Alliance after Napoleon rejects the Frankfurt Proposal and what is the result?
Treaty of Chaumont
Napoleon abdicated the throne after this
What is the Quad’s biggest question now?
What to do with France? How powerful should it be?
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
to reassign the land that France took over
What was the purpose of the Concert of Europe?
- restore the regime
2. reconstruct Europe
What were the 100 Days?
Napoleon returns from exile
What battle is fought during the 100 days?
Battle of Waterloo where Napoleon is defeated again
Where is Napoleon exiled to after Waterloo?
Elba
Why did Napoleon fail?
- personal ambition
- Britain’s naval powers and control of the seas
- failure of the Continental System
- rising German nationalism
- physical and economic exhaustion of France
What was the result of the Congress of Vienna?
- Metternich System: Europe’s balance of power
2. The Holy Alliance (rulers focused on Christian principles)
