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AP Euro > Chapter 7 Test: 1/27 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Test: 1/27 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

What time period does the Old Regime refer to?

A

France Pre-Revolution

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2
Q

Who were the king and queen before the French Revolution?

A

Louis the 16th and Marie Antionette

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3
Q

What problems faced the Regime?

A
  1. no uniform legal code
  2. no free trade in the country
  3. lack of money
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4
Q

What was most of France’s debt from?

A

wars

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5
Q

Is the tax system in France successful?

A

No, there were too many exemptions

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6
Q

define tally

A

land tax (clergy and nobility are exempt)

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7
Q

define tithe

A

tax payed to the church by the 3rd estate

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8
Q

Who does Louis need to help him reform taxes?

A

the Estates General (pre-revolution French parliament)

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9
Q

describe the members of each estate

A

1st: clergy (1/4)
2nd: nobility(1/4)
3rd: bourgeois (middle class workers, 1/2)

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10
Q

What was the cahiers?

A

list of grievances and demands by the 3rd estate

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11
Q

What did the cahier say?

A
  1. abolish privileges of the nobility
  2. fair taxation
  3. give the Estates General power to make laws
  4. freedom of speech and press
  5. institute the jury system
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12
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

members of the 3rd estate gather and produce a constitution

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13
Q

What event sparked the French Revolution?

A

storming of the Bastille

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14
Q

What is the new form of French parliament called?

A

the National Assembly

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15
Q

What were the parts of the National Assembly and their interests?

A
  1. bourgeoisie: government
  2. peasants: land
  3. cityworkers: better wages and conditions (most extreme)
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16
Q

What were accomplishments of the National Assembly?

A
  1. abolished all feudal obligations to landlords
  2. abolish the tithe
  3. abolish tax exemptions for the nobility
  4. abolish titles for the nobilities
  5. abolish guilds
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17
Q

What is the name of the constitution made by the National Assembly?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens

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18
Q

What rights does the new constitution focus on?

A
  1. liberty
  2. property
  3. security
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19
Q

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

A

a law passed that said the French government was second to the Catholic church

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20
Q

What was the Committee of Public Safety’s purpose and who was the leader?

A

to kill all who oppose the revolution (like Louis XVI)

led by Robes Pierre

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21
Q

What were those who fronted the revolution called?

A

Jackovins

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22
Q

Who reigns during the Reign of Terror?

A

Robes Pierre

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23
Q

What was the Law of Maximum?

A

established price control on goods that were considered necessities

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24
Q

Why was Robes Pierre executed?

A

he initiated the Worship of the Supreme Being (him)

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25
Q

What countries are at war with France?

A

Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, Holland (everyone)

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26
Q

What replaces the National Assembly?

A

the Directory (5 members)

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27
Q

What reforms did the Directory establish?

A
  1. debtors prisons were abolished
  2. slavery in the French colonies was abolished
  3. primogenitor was abolished
  4. only literate citizens could vote
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28
Q

What was the Clichy Club?

A

loyalists to the king

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29
Q

What was the Declaration of Verona?

A

Louis XVIII intends to restore the Old Regime and punish revolutionaries

30
Q

What was the purpose of the Conspiracy of Equals and who was their leader?

A

to destroy the directory led by Gracchus Babeauf (who is crushed and executed)

31
Q

What replaces the Directory?

A

the Consulate

32
Q

What happens to the Consulate?

A

Napoleon abolishes it to make an empire where he is emperor

33
Q

What were Napolean’s main influences?

A
  1. creates a central bank (Bank of France)
  2. Concordant of 1801: restores Catholic church
  3. Code Napolean: legal reform
  4. creates the Legion of Honor
34
Q

What was Napolean’s major goal?

A

unite all of Europe under the French government

35
Q

leader of Russia

A

Tsar Alexander I

36
Q

leader of Austria

A

Frances II (abolished the HRE)

37
Q

leader of Prussia

A

Frederick Willhelm III

38
Q

leader of Britain

A

George III and PM William Pitt

39
Q

Battle of Ulhm

A

French defeat Austrians

Napolean’s first big victory

40
Q

Battle of Transfalgar

A

Britain’s Horatio Nelson defeats the French

41
Q

Battle of Austerlitz

A

Napolean defeats the combined Prussian/Austria army

42
Q

Treaty of Pressburg

A

following the Battle of Austerlitz, Prussia drops out

43
Q

Confederation of the Rhine

A

a union of German states as allies of the French and Napolean

44
Q

Battle of Freidland

A

Napoleon defeats Russia

45
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

A

after Freidland, Russia and Napoleon sign a treaty and Russia joins continental system

46
Q

What was the purpose of The Continental System?

A
  1. economically destroy England

2. allow France to dominate Europe’s economy

47
Q

What was the Berlin Decree?

A

installed the Continental System in Europe and said that no British imports were allowed

48
Q

What was the Milan Decree?

A

Napoleon says that no country in the Continental System can trade with Britain to enforce the Berlin Decree

49
Q

Why does the Continental System fail?

A
  1. Europeans desire American/British goods
  2. Europeans place high tariffs on each other
  3. France was only looking out for theirself
50
Q

Why does Napoleon make king of Spain?

A

his brother Joseph

51
Q

What did the Duke of Wellington do?

A

defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo

52
Q

What book did JG Herder write?

A

Ideas on Philosophy of Manking

53
Q

What did JG Herder’s book focus on?

A

volksgeist: culture and civilization must arise from natural roots

54
Q

Who was chief minister of Prussia?

A

Barron Heinreich von Stein

55
Q

What did von Stein do?

A
  1. destroyed the French

2. prevents a revolution in Prussia

56
Q

What was the Congress of Erfurt?

A

German rulers meet with the Tsar of Russia

57
Q

Why did the Russian’s not like the Grand Duchy of Warsaw?

A

they saw it as a possible Polish revolution

58
Q

Who led the Congress of Vienna?

A

Austrian Prime Minister Clemens von Metternich which divided Europe among the new powers

59
Q

Who does Louis XVIII marry after divorcing Josephine of Spain?

A

Marie Louise of Austria

60
Q

Who withdrew Russia from the Continental System?

A

Michael Kutuzov

61
Q

Battle of Leipsig

A

Napleon is defeated and severly weakened

62
Q

Who made the Frankfurt Proposal and what was it?

A

Meternich

Napoleon can remain emperor if he surrenders, but he rejects it

63
Q

What treaty forms the Quad Alliance after Napoleon rejects the Frankfurt Proposal and what is the result?

A

Treaty of Chaumont

Napoleon abdicated the throne after this

64
Q

What is the Quad’s biggest question now?

A

What to do with France? How powerful should it be?

65
Q

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

A

to reassign the land that France took over

66
Q

What was the purpose of the Concert of Europe?

A
  1. restore the regime

2. reconstruct Europe

67
Q

What were the 100 Days?

A

Napoleon returns from exile

68
Q

What battle is fought during the 100 days?

A

Battle of Waterloo where Napoleon is defeated again

69
Q

Where is Napoleon exiled to after Waterloo?

A

Elba

70
Q

Why did Napoleon fail?

A
  1. personal ambition
  2. Britain’s naval powers and control of the seas
  3. failure of the Continental System
  4. rising German nationalism
  5. physical and economic exhaustion of France
71
Q

What was the result of the Congress of Vienna?

A
  1. Metternich System: Europe’s balance of power

2. The Holy Alliance (rulers focused on Christian principles)

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