Chapter 6 Test: 12/18 (Mid-Term) Flashcards
What is the dominant theme in Europe during the 17th century?
progress
Define Pietism
emphasis placed on inner experience rather than religious doctrine
What religious group introduces pietism?
Lutherans
What religious group leads the Great Awakening?
United Methodists
Who leads the United Methodists?
John Wesley
What was the purpose of the Great Awakening?
to make religion more democratic by stressing core values
What were the core values stressed during the Great Awakening?
- individual worth
2. spiritual conciousness
Who lead the Mystification movement?
JC Lavater
What is physiognomy?
the belief that character can be read through facial features
Where does Free Masonry begin?
England but spreads
Why do some countries outlaw Free Masonry?
they draw suspicion because of their democratic way of thinking which could start a revolution
What are Free Masons called?
“Men of the Enlightenment”
What are Free Masons interested in?
- progress
- reform
- reason
- democracy
Who wrote the 17 Volume Encyclopedia?
Denis Diderot
What was the 17 Volume Encyclopedia?
compendium of scientific, technological, and historical knowledge but had an undertone that criticized society
Who wrote Spirit of Laws?
Barron de Montisqeu
What did Spirit of Laws say?
- separation of powers is important
2. the structure of governments vary based on their circumstances and climate
Who wrote Candide?
Voltaire
What was Candide about?
- uses satire to criticize society
- supports freedom in religion and thought
- opposed to stupidity and laziness
Who wrote Social Contract?
Jean Jacques Rousseau
What did Social Contract say?
- society is artificial and corrupt, therefore a person cannot truly be happy
- general will is sovereign and government must accept it and listen to the people
Who were the physiocrats?
economists of the enlightenment
Who were the philosophes?
writers of the enlightenment
Who wrote Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
What did Wealth of Nations focus on?
- free market and laissez-faire
2. the duties of government
What are the duties of government according to Wealth of Nations?
- provide defense
- provide internal security
- make reasonable laws
- have fair courts
What is the primary political trend in Great Britain?
centralization
What opposed the British Reform Movement?
- absolutism
- religious qualifications for citizenship
- feudalism
- inherited rights
What were the goals of the British Reform Movement?
- liberty and equality
- freer and more frequent parliamentary elections representing a broader segment of society
- construct the Declaration of Rights
- construct a written Constitution
- sovereignty of the people
Who was the “father of the reform”?
Major John Cartwright
Who was the “founder of philosophical conservatism”?
Edward Burke
What did Edward Burke believe?`
- opposed the Reform
- the House of Commons should be independent
- men who own land should compose the government
What was the purpose of the Irish Penal Code?
to prevent an alliance between the Irish and France against Great Britain
What do the English do to suppress Scotland’s power?
the government attempts to break up the Highland Clans
Who are the United Irish?
a group of people who rebel against British rule because Britain is trying to stop Ireland’s French Alliance;
the group is defeated
What resulted from the United Irish rebellion?
the Irish Parliament is dissolved
What is the Act of Union?
Ireland is incorporated into the United Kingdom shortly after their parliament is dissolved
Who has the British monopoly on trade?
British East India Co.
What is the Regulatory Act?
political activity must occur only under parliament but things relating to trade can be handled by the British East India Company
Who was the First Governor General of India?
Warren Hastings
