Chapter 9 - Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the shoulder complex?

A

scapula, clavicle, sternum, humerus, and rib cage

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2
Q

What joints are found the shoulder complex?

A

SC, AC, GH, Scapulothoracic articulation

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3
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

A

scapula and clavicle

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4
Q

What makes up the shoulder joint?

A

scapula and humerus - make up the GH joint

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5
Q

Scapulothoracic articulation

A

a unit that gathers the SC and AC joints and the junction between the anterior surface of the scapula and the thoracic cage (connected indirectly by the clavicle and several muscles)

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6
Q

Scapula

A

Triangular-shaped bone located superficially on the posterior side of the thorax and located between ribs 2 and 7

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7
Q

Sternum

A

Flat bone located in the midline of the ant. thorax

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8
Q

Sternoclavicular joint (SC)

A
  • formed by the articulation between the manubrium of the sternum and the medial end of the clavicle
  • synovial joint that provides the shoulder girdle with its only direct attachment to the trunk
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9
Q

Sternoclavicular ligament

A

connects the clavicle to the sternum on both the anterior (anterior sternoclavicular ligament) and posterior (posterior sternoclavicular ligament) surfaces

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10
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

a short, flat, rhomboid-shaped ligament that connects the inferior clavicle surface to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of the first rib

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11
Q

Interclavicular ligament

A

located on top of the manubrium, connecting the superior sternal ends of the clavicles

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12
Q

Acromioclavicular joint (AC)

A

connects the acromion process of the scapula and the lateral (acromion) end of the clavicle
- plane-shaped synovial joint that allows a gliding motion to occur, contributing toward movement in three planes of motion

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13
Q

Acromioclavicular ligaments

A

Reinforce the AC joint by holding the acromion process to the clavicle which helps prevent dislocation of the clavicle

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14
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

accessory ligament to the AC joint that provides stability to the joint and allows the scapula to be suspended from the clavicle

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15
Q

Coracoacromion ligament

A

forms a roof over the head of the humerus and serves as a protective arch, providing support to the head when an upward force is transmitted along the humerus

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16
Q

Scapulothoracic articulation

A

provides motion necessary for normal function of the scapula

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17
Q

Scapular elevation

A

scapula moves superior

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18
Q

Scapular depression

A

scapula moves inferiorly

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19
Q

Scapular protraction

A

scapula moves away from posterior midline

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20
Q

Scapular retraction

A

scapula moves back toward the posterior midline

21
Q

Scapular upward rotation

A

inferior angle of the scapula rotates up and away from the vertebral column

22
Q

Scapular downward rotation

A

Return to the resting anatomical position from upward rotation

23
Q

Scapular tilt

A

shoulder joint goes into hyperextension

24
Q

Scapular winging

A

vertebral border of the scapula moves away from the rib cage, happening primarily at the AC joint but can also occur at the scapulothoracic articulation

25
Scapulohumeral rhythm
- movement relationship between the shoulder girdle and the shoulder joint - first 30 degrees of shoulder joint motion is pure - after that, for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction, the scapula must rotate 1 degree upward - 2:1 ration
26
What muscles make up the shoulder girdle?
trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
27
Upper Trapezius origin
occipital bone, nuchal ligament on upper cervical spinous processes
28
Upper Trapezius insertion
the outer third of clavicle, acromion process
29
Upper Trapezius action
scapular elevation and upward rotation
30
Middle Trapezius origin
spinous processes of C7-T3
31
Middle Trapezius insertion
scapular spine
32
Middle Trapezius action
scapular retraction
33
Lower Trapezius origin
spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae
34
Lower Trapezius insertion
base of scapular spine
35
Lower Trapezius action
scapular depression and upward rotation
36
Levator Scapulae origin
transverse processes of C1-4
37
Levator Scapulae insertion
vertebral border of scapula between the superior angle and spine
38
Levator Scapulae action
scapular elevation and downward rotation
39
Rhomboid origin
spinous process C7-T5
40
Rhomboid insertion
vertebral border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle
41
Rhomboid action
scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation
42
Serratus Anterior origin
lateral surface of the upper 8 ribs
43
Serratus Anterior insertion
vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface
44
Pectoralis Minor origin
anterior surface, ribs 3-5
45
Pectoralis Minor insertion
coracoid process of the scapula
46
Pectoralis Minor action
scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation, and tilt
47
Force couple
muscles pulling in different directions to accomplish the same motion
48
Reverse muscle action
if the insertion is stabilized, the origin will move
49
Clavicular fractures
account for the most frequently broken bone in children as a result of a fall on the lateral aspect of the shoulder or an outstretched hand