Chapter 2 - Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

forms the upright part of the body, consisting on 80 bones of the head, thorax, and trunk

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

attached to the axial skeleton and contains the 126 bones of the extremities

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

makes up the hard, dense outer layer of all bones

Question 4

Cancellous bone

Answer 4

pourous and spongy inside portion made up of thin columns and plates (trabeculae)

Question 5

Epiphysis

Answer 5

area at each end of a long bone, contains the ephiphyseal plate

Question 6

Pressure epiphysis

Answer 6

located at the ends of long bones, where they recieve pressure from the opposing bone making up that joint

Question 7

Traction epiphysis

Answer 7

located where tendons attach to bones and are subjected to a pulling, or traction force

Question 8

Diaphysis

Answer 8

main shaft of the bone, made up of compact bone

Question 9

Medullary canal

Answer 9

hollow, center portion of the diaphysis that contains marrow and provides passage for nutrient arteries

Question 10

Endosteum

Answer 10

membrane that lines the medullary canal and contains osteoclasts

Question 11

Osteoclasts

Answer 11

responsible for bone resorption, where old bone is broken down so it can be replace with new bone

Question 12

Metaphysis

Answer 12

flared part of the bone that serves as a transition from the end of each diaphysis to each epiphysis, made up primiarly of cancellous bone and supports the epiphysis

Question 13

Periosteum

Answer 13

thin, fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular surfaces which are coved with hyaline cartilage

Question 14

Long bones

Answer 14

longest bones in the body, making up most of the appedicular skeleton

Question 15

Short bones

Answer 15

equal dimensions of height, length, and width giving a cube shape that articulate with more than one bone

Question 16

Flat bones

Answer 16

broad surface but not very thick with curved surfaces, made up of two layers of compact bone with cancellous bone and marrow in between (ilium, scapula, and many of the cranial bones)

Question 17

Irregular bones

Answer 17

variety of mixed shapes that do not fit into the other categories (vertebrae, sacrum, bones of the skull that are not flat)

Question 18

Sesamoid bones

Answer 18

resemble the shape of sesame seeds lovated where tendones cross the ends of long bones in the extremities

Question 19

Fracture

Answer 19

broken or cracked bone caused by direct or indirect force, or pathology

Question 20

Osteoporosis

Answer 20

condition characterized by loss of normal bone density or bone mass

Question 21

Osteomyelitis

Answer 21

infection of the bone usually cause by bacteria

Question 22

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Answer 22

typically in the proximal head of the femuar where the blood supply is interrupted to the femoral head, cause necrosis of the bone, at the pressure epiphysis in growing children

Question 23

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 23

occurs when the head of the femur becomes displaced due to a separation at the growth plate