Chapter 10 - Shoulder Joint Flashcards
What are the four groups of motion possible at the shoulder joint?
Flexion/extension/hyperextension
ABD/ADD
MR/LR
Horizontal ABD/ADD
Horizontal ABD/ADD
occurs in the transverse plane around the vertical axis
Scaption
Flexion or ABD that occurs in the scapular plane
Scapular plane
30 degrees forward of the frontal plane, not quite midway between flexion and ABD
Firm
normal end feel for all shoulder joint motions
Joint capsule
thin-walled, spacious container that attaches around the rim of the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the anatomical neck of the humerus
Glenohumeral ligament
Made up of superior, middle, and inferior parts; reinforce the anterior portion of the capsule
Coracohumeral ligament
attaches from the lateral side of the coracoid process and spans the joint anteriorly to the medial side of the greater tubercle; strengthens the upper part of the joint capsule
Glenoid labrum
fibrous ring that surrounds the rim of the glenoid fossa; deepens the articular cavity
Thoracolumbar fascia
superficial fibrous sheet that attaches to the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, supraspinal ligament, and the posterior part of the iliac crest, covering the sacrospinalis muscle
Anterior Deltoid Origin
lateral thrid of clavicle
Anterior Deltoid Insertion
deltoid tuberosity
Anterior Deltoid Action
shoulder ABD, flexion, MR, horizontal ADD
Middle Deltoid Origin
acromion process
Middle Deltoid Insertion
deltoid tuberosity
Middle Deltoid Action
shoulder ABD
Posterior Deltoid Origin
spine of scapula
Posterior Deltoid Insertion
deltoid tuberosity
Posterior Deltoid Action
shoulder ABD, extension, hyperextension, LR, horizontal ABD
Sternal portion
attached to the sternum and costal cartilages of the first 6 ribs
Pectoralis Major, Clavicular Portion Origin
medial thrid of clavicle
Pectoralis Major, Clavicular Portion Insertion
lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
Pectoralis Major, Clavicular Portion Action
first 60 degrees of shoulder flexion
Pectoralis Major, Sternal Portion Origin
sternum, costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs
Pectoralis Major, Sternal Portion Insertion
lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
Pectoralis Major, Sternal Portion Action
first 60 degrees of shoulder extension (from 180-120)
Pectoralis Major, Clavicular and Sternal Portions Origin
medial third of clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
Pectoralis Major, Clavicular and Sternal Portions Insertion
lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
Pectoralis Major, Clavicular and Sternal Portions Action
shoulder ADD, MR, horizontal ADD
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
spinous process of T7-L5, posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, and lower 3 ribs
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
medial floor of bicipital groove of humerus
Latissimus Dorsi Action
shoulder extension, adduction, MR, hyperextension
Teres Major Origin
inferior axillary border of scapula near the inferior angle
Teres Major Insertion
medial lip of bicipital grood on the anterior surface of the humerus
Teres Major Action
shoulder extension, adduction, MR
Supraspinatus Origin
supraspinatus fossa of the scapula
Supraspinatus Insertion
greater tubercle of the humerus
Supraspinatus Action
shoulder ABD
Infraspinatus Origin
infraspinatus fossa of scapula
Infraspinatus Insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus Action
shoulder LR, horizontal ABD
Teres Minor Origin
axillary border of scapula
Teres Minor Insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Teres Minor Action
shoulder LR, horizontal ABD
Subscapularis Origin
subscapular fossa of the scapula
Subscapularis Insertion
lesser tubercle of the humerus
Subscapularis Action
shoulder MR
Coracobrachialis Origin
coracoid process of the scapula
Coracobrachialis Insertion
medial surface of the humerus near the midpoint
Coracobrachialis Action
stabilizes the shoulder joint
Humeral neck fracture
another injury caused by a fall on the outstretched hand
Mid humeral fracture
caused by direct blow or a twisting force
Radial nerve injury
Increased risk of injury because the nerve passes next to the bone in the spiral groove
Pathological fractures
caused by benign tumors or metastatic carcinoma from primary sites such as the lungs, breast, kidney, and prostate
Anterior shoulder dislocations
one of the most common joint dislocations involving the shoulder that is caused by a forced shoulder ADD and LR tends to be dislocation motion causing the humeral head to slide anteriorly out of the glenoid fossa
Glenohumeral subluxation
commonly seen in individuals who have hemiplegia, usually from a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
Impingement syndrome
overuse condition that involves compression between the acromial arch, humeral head, and soft tissues structures
Adhesive capsulitis
inflammation and fibrosis of the shoulder joint capsule which leads to pain and loss of shoulder ROM (frozen shoulder)
Torn rotator cuff
involves the distal tendinous insertion of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis on the greater/lesser tubercle of the humerus
Labral tear
Involves damage to the glenoid labrum that can have degenerative or traumatic etiology and results in pain and limited motion in the shoulder joint
Calcific tendonitis
Chronic inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon can lead to an accumulation of mineral deposits and can be asymptomatic or painful
Bicipital tendonitis
involves the long head of the biceps proximally as it crosses the humeral head, changes direction, and descends into the bicipital groove - a rupture of the biceps long head tendon commonly occurs during repetitive or forceful overhead positions
Subluxing of the biceps tendon
overloading the muscle in an abducted and laterally rotated position tends to be the force subluxing the tendon out of the bicipital groove
