Chapter 16 - Respiratory System

Question 1

True ribs

Answer 1

1-7

Question 2

False ribs

Answer 2

8-10

Question 3

Floating ribs

Answer 3

11-12

Question 4

Sternum

Answer 4

long, flat bone in the midline of the anterior chest wall

Question 5

Costalvertebral joint

Answer 5

The costal facet of the vertebral body articulates with the head of the rib

Question 6

Costaltransverse joint

Answer 6

the costal facet is located on the anterior tip of the transverse process of the vertebra

Question 7

Chondrosternal joint

Answer 7

costal cartilages articulate with the sternum - plane shaped synovial joints

Question 8

Upper resiraptory tract

Answer 8

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

Question 9

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 9

trachea and bronchial tree

Question 10

Quiet inspiration

Answer 10

occurs when an individual is resting or sitting quietly (passive action)

Question 11

Deep inspiration

Answer 11

Actions of quiet inspiration increase because a person needs more oxygen and therefore breathes harder - muscles that can pull the ribs up are being called into action

Question 12

Forced inspiration

Answer 12

Occurs when an individual is working very hard, needs a great deal of oxygen, and is in a state of “air hunger”

Question 13

Diaphragm origin

Answer 13

xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertebrae

Question 14

Diaphragm insertion

Answer 14

central tendon

Question 15

Diaphragm action

Answer 15

inspiration

Question 16

External intercostal origin

Answer 16

rib above

Question 17

External intercostal insertion

Answer 17

ribs below

Question 18

External intercostal action

Answer 18

elevates ribs during inspiration

Question 19

Internal intercostal origin

Answer 19

rib below

Question 20

Internal intercostal insertion

Answer 20

rib above

Question 21

Internal intercostal action

Answer 21

depress ribs during expiration

Question 22

Diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 22

most efficient method of breathing and requires the least amount of energy

Question 23

Chest breathing

Answer 23

requires greater effort and is much less efficient than diaphragmatic breathing

Question 24

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 24

occurs when people hold their breath and attempt to exhale

Question 25

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

Answer 25

any infection confined to the nose, throat, and larynx

Question 26

Common URI infections

Answer 26

flu, laryngitis, rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa)

Question 27

Lower respiratory infection (LRI)

Answer 27

involve structures from the trachae to the alveoli

Question 28

Pneumonia

Answer 28

inflammation of the alveoli cause by bacterial or viral infection (most common LRI)

Question 29

Lobar pneumonia

Answer 29

pneumonia effecting the entire lobe

Question 30

Bronchopneumonia

Answer 30

pneumonia scattered throughout the entire lung - more common in the very young and very old

Question 31

Common LRI

Answer 31

bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and asthma

Question 32

Bronchitis

Answer 32

involves the bronchi and their many subdivisions

Question 33

Emphysema

Answer 33

walls of the alveoli become distened and lose their elasticity due to chronic bronchial obstruction

Question 34

Asthma

Answer 34

symptoms are usually due to a spasm of the bronchial walls which makes exhalation very difficult

Question 35

Hyperventilation

Answer 35

occurs commonly during rapid breathing when more CO2 is removed from the system than is being produced metabolically

Question 36

Stitch

Answer 36

temporary condition common in runners - localized, sharp pain, usually felt just below the rib cage and commonly caused by a cramp in the diaphragm

Question 37

Hiccups

Answer 37

involuntary spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by rapid closure of the glottis which produced short, sharp, inspiratory sounds

Question 38

Pleurisy

Answer 38

quiet, painful condition caused by inflammation of the pleura

Question 39

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)

Answer 39

occurs by introducing air into or otherwise destroying the vacuum of the pleural cavity, reducing ventilation capacity

Question 40

Rib separation

Answer 40

dislocation between the rib and its costal cartilages

Question 41

Rib dislocation

Answer 41

displacement of costal cartilage from the sternum

Question 42

Flail chest

Answer 42

when four or more ribs are fractured in two places (comminuted), causing the chest wall to collapse rather than expand during inspiration