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Kinesiology > Chapter 16 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

True ribs

A

1-7

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2
Q

False ribs

A

8-10

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3
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12

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4
Q

Sternum

A

long, flat bone in the midline of the anterior chest wall

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5
Q

Costalvertebral joint

A

The costal facet of the vertebral body articulates with the head of the rib

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6
Q

Costaltransverse joint

A

the costal facet is located on the anterior tip of the transverse process of the vertebra

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7
Q

Chondrosternal joint

A

costal cartilages articulate with the sternum - plane shaped synovial joints

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8
Q

Upper resiraptory tract

A

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

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9
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

trachea and bronchial tree

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10
Q

Quiet inspiration

A

occurs when an individual is resting or sitting quietly (passive action)

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11
Q

Deep inspiration

A

Actions of quiet inspiration increase because a person needs more oxygen and therefore breathes harder - muscles that can pull the ribs up are being called into action

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12
Q

Forced inspiration

A

Occurs when an individual is working very hard, needs a great deal of oxygen, and is in a state of “air hunger”

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13
Q

Diaphragm origin

A

xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertebrae

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14
Q

Diaphragm insertion

A

central tendon

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15
Q

Diaphragm action

A

inspiration

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16
Q

External intercostal origin

A

rib above

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17
Q

External intercostal insertion

A

ribs below

18
Q

External intercostal action

A

elevates ribs during inspiration

19
Q

Internal intercostal origin

A

rib below

20
Q

Internal intercostal insertion

A

rib above

21
Q

Internal intercostal action

A

depress ribs during expiration

22
Q

Diaphragmatic breathing

A

most efficient method of breathing and requires the least amount of energy

23
Q

Chest breathing

A

requires greater effort and is much less efficient than diaphragmatic breathing

24
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

occurs when people hold their breath and attempt to exhale

25
Q

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

any infection confined to the nose, throat, and larynx

26
Q

Common URI infections

A

flu, laryngitis, rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa)

27
Q

Lower respiratory infection (LRI)

A

involve structures from the trachae to the alveoli

28
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of the alveoli cause by bacterial or viral infection (most common LRI)

29
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

pneumonia effecting the entire lobe

30
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

pneumonia scattered throughout the entire lung - more common in the very young and very old

31
Q

Common LRI

A

bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and asthma

32
Q

Bronchitis

A

involves the bronchi and their many subdivisions

33
Q

Emphysema

A

walls of the alveoli become distened and lose their elasticity due to chronic bronchial obstruction

34
Q

Asthma

A

symptoms are usually due to a spasm of the bronchial walls which makes exhalation very difficult

35
Q

Hyperventilation

A

occurs commonly during rapid breathing when more CO2 is removed from the system than is being produced metabolically

36
Q

Stitch

A

temporary condition common in runners - localized, sharp pain, usually felt just below the rib cage and commonly caused by a cramp in the diaphragm

37
Q

Hiccups

A

involuntary spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by rapid closure of the glottis which produced short, sharp, inspiratory sounds

38
Q

Pleurisy

A

quiet, painful condition caused by inflammation of the pleura

39
Q

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)

A

occurs by introducing air into or otherwise destroying the vacuum of the pleural cavity, reducing ventilation capacity

40
Q

Rib separation

A

dislocation between the rib and its costal cartilages

41
Q

Rib dislocation

A

displacement of costal cartilage from the sternum

42
Q

Flail chest

A

when four or more ribs are fractured in two places (comminuted), causing the chest wall to collapse rather than expand during inspiration

Kinesiology (14 decks)

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