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Kinesiology > Chapter 13 - Hand > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Hand Flashcards

1
Q

CMC joint of the thumb

A

made up of the trapezium bone, which articulates with the base of the 1st metacarpal

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2
Q

What type of movement does the MCP joint allow?

A

hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension (uniaxial)

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3
Q

IP joint

A

only phalangeal joint of the thumb, also allows only flexion and extension

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4
Q

CMC joint of the fingers

A

nonaxial, plane-shaped synovial joints that provide slight gliding motion (provide more stability than mobility)

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5
Q

MCP joints of the fingers

A

formed by concave-shaped bases of the proximal phalanges articulating with convex, rounded heads of the metacarpals

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6
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

a fibrous band of connective tissue that spans the anterior surface of the wrist in a mediolateral direction
- attaches to the styloid processes of the radius and ulna and crosses over the flexor muscle tendons

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7
Q

Palmar carpal ligament

A

more proximal and superficial than the transverse carpal ligament
- attaches to the styloid processes of the radius and ulna and crosses over the flexor muscle tendons

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8
Q

Transverse carpal ligament

A

lies deeper and more distally
- attaches to the pisiform and hook of the hamate on the medial side and to the scaphoid and trapezium bones laterally

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9
Q

Extensor retinaculum ligament

A

fibrous band traversing the posterior side of the wrist in a horizontal mediolateral direction
- attaches medially to the styloid process of the ulna and to the triquetrum, pisiform, and lateral side of the radius

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10
Q

Extensor expansion ligament

A

“extensor hood” is a small, triangular, flat aponeurosis covering the dorsum and sides of the proximal phalanx of each finger

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11
Q

Proximal carpal arch

A

formed by the proximal end of the metacarpals and carpal bones and is maintained by the flexor retinaculum

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12
Q

Distal carpal arch

A

shallower, made up of the metacarpal heads

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13
Q

Longitudinal arch

A

begins at the wrist and runs the length of the metacarpal
and phalanges for each digit
- perpendicular to the other two arches

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14
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

common flexor tendon on the medial epicondyle, coronoid process, radius

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15
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

A

sides of the middle phalanx of the four fingers

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16
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis action

A

flexes PIP and MCP joints of the fingers

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17
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis nerve

A

median nerve

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus origin

A

upper 3/4 of the ulna

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19
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus insertion

A

distal phalax of the 4 fingers

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20
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus action

A

flexes all 3 joints of the fingers

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21
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus nerve

A

median and ulnar nerves

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22
Q

Flexor pollicus longus origin

A

radius, anterior surface

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23
Q

Flexor pollicus longus insertion

A

distal phalanx of thumb

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24
Q

Flexor pollicus longus action

A

flexes all 3 joints of the thumb

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25
Q

Flexor pollicus longus nerve

A

median

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26
Q

Abductor pollicus longus origin

A

posterior radius, interosseus membrane, middle ulna

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27
Q

Abductor pollicus longus insertion

A

base of the 5th metacarpal

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28
Q

Abductor pollicus longus action

A

abducts thumb

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29
Q

Abductor pollicus longus nerve

A

radial

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30
Q

Extensor pollicus brevis origin

A

posterior distal radius

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31
Q

Extensor pollicus brevis insertion

A

base of the proximal phalanx of thumb

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32
Q

Extensor pollicus brevis action

A

extends MCP and CMC joints of thumb

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33
Q

Extensor pollicus brevis nerve

A

radial

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34
Q

Extensor pollicus longus origin

A

middle posterior ulna and interosseus membrane

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35
Q

Extensor pollicus longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

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36
Q

Extensor pollicus longus action

A

extends all 3 joints of thumb

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37
Q

Extensor pollicus longus nerve

A

radial

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38
Q

Extensor digitorum origin

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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39
Q

Extensor digitorum insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of the second through fifth fingers

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40
Q

Extensor digitorum action

A

extends all 3 joints of the fingers

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41
Q

Extensor digitorum nerve

A

radial nerve

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42
Q

Extensor indicis origin

A

distal ulna

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43
Q

Extensor indicis insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of the second finger

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44
Q

Extensor indicis action

A

extends all 3 joints of the second finger

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45
Q

Extensor indicis nerve

A

radial

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46
Q

Extensor digiti minimi origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

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47
Q

Extensor digiti minimi insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of 5th finger

48
Q

Extensor digiti minimi action

A

extends all 3 joints of 5th finger

49
Q

Extensor digiti minimi nerve

A

radial nerve

50
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis origin

A

trapezium and flexor retinaculum

51
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis insertion

A

proximal phalanx of the thumb

52
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis action

A

flexes the MCP and CMC joints of the thumb

53
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis nerve

A

median

54
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis origin

A

scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum

55
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis insertion

A

abducts the thumb

56
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis nerve

A

median

57
Q

Opponenes pollicis origin

A

trapezium and flexor retinaculum

58
Q

Opponenes pollicis insertion

A

1st metacarpal

59
Q

Opponenes pollicis action

A

opposes the thumb

60
Q

Opponenes pollicis nerve

A

median

61
Q

Adductor pollicis origin

A

capitate, base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal, and distal 2/3 of the palamar surface of the 3rd metacarpal

62
Q

Adductor pollicis insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

63
Q

Adductor pollicis action

A

adducts thumb

64
Q

Adductor pollicis nerve

A

ulnar nerve

65
Q

Dorsal interossei origin

A

adjacent metacarpals

66
Q

Dorsal interossei insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx

67
Q

Dorsal interossei action

A

abducts fingers at MCP joint

68
Q

Dorsal interossei nerve

A

ulnar nerve

69
Q

Palmar interossei origin

A

2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals

70
Q

Palmar interossei insertion

A

base of respective proximal phalanx

71
Q

Palmar interossei action

A

adducts fingers at MCP joint

72
Q

Palmar interossei nerve

A

ulnar

73
Q

Lumbrical origin

A

tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle

74
Q

Lumbrical insertion

A

tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle

75
Q

Lumbrical action

A

flex the MCP joint while extending the PIP and DIP joints

76
Q

Lumbrical nerve - 1st and 2nd

A

median

77
Q

Lumbrical nerve - 3rd and 4th

A

ulnar

78
Q

Flexor digiti minimi origin

A

hamate and flexor retinaculum

79
Q

Flexor digiti minimi insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

80
Q

Flexor digiti minimi action

A

flexes MCP and CMC joints of 5th finger

81
Q

Flexor digiti minimi nerve

A

ulnar

82
Q

Abductor digiti minimi origin

A

pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

83
Q

Abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

proximal phalanx of 5th finger

84
Q

Abductor digiti minimi action

A

abducts the MCP joint of 5th finger

85
Q

Abductor digiti minimi nerve

A

ulnar

86
Q

Opponens digiti minimi origin

A

hamate and flexor retinaculum

87
Q

Opponens digiti minimi insertion

A

5th metacarpal

88
Q

Opponens digiti minimi action

A

opposes 5th finger (CMC joint)

89
Q

Opponens digiti minimi nerve

A

ulnar

90
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

an extremely common condition caused by compression of the median nerve with the carpal tunnel

91
Q

De Quervain’s disease

A

cause by inflammation and thickening of the sheath containing the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus, resulting in pain on the radial side of the wrist

92
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of tendons and their surrounding sheaths

93
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

occurs when the palmar aponeurosis undergoes a nodular thickening - most common in the area of the palm in line with the ring and little finger

94
Q

Stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger)

A

a problem with the sliding mechanism of a tendon in its sheath

95
Q

Skier’s thumb

A

common hand injury among athletes and involves an acute tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb

96
Q

Gamekeeper’s thumb

A

old term referring to a stretching injury of this same ligament developed over time by English gamekeepers as they twisted the necks of small game

97
Q

Swam neck deformity

A

characterized by flexion of MCP joint, hyperextension of the PIP joint, and flexion of the DIP joint

98
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

the deformity is in the opposite direction - extension of the MCP joint, flexion of the PIP joint, and extension of the DIP joint

99
Q

Ulnar drift

A

results in ulnar deviation of the fingers at the MCP joints

100
Q

Mallet finger

A

caused by disruption of the extensor mechanism of the DIP joint, either because the tendon was severed or because the portion of bone where the tendon attached has avulsed from the distal phalanx

101
Q

Scaphoid fracture

A

usually results from a fall on the outstretched hand of a younger person

102
Q

Kienbock’s disease

A

refers to the necrosis of the lunate, which may develop after trauma

103
Q

Power grip

A

used when an object must be held forcefully while being moved about by more proximal joint muscles (holding a hammer or doorknob)

104
Q

Precision grip

A

used when an object must be manipulated in a finer type of movement (holding a pen or threading a needle)

105
Q

Cylindrical grip

A

has all the fingers flexed around the object, which usually lies at a right angle to the forearm (holding a hammer, a racquet, or a wheelbarrow handle)

106
Q

Spherical grip

A

has all the fingers and thumb abducted around an object and the fingers are spread apart (holding an apple or a doorknob or picking up a glass by its top)

107
Q

Hook grip

A

involved the 2nd through 5th fingers flexed around an object in a hooklike manner, MCP joints extended, PIP and DIP joints are in some degree of flexion (holding on to a handle like a suitcase, wagon, or bucket)

108
Q

Pad-to-pad grip

A

MCP and PIP joints of the fingers are flexed, the thumb is abducted and opposed, and the distal joints of bother are extended, bring the pads of the finger(s) and thumb together

109
Q

Pinch grip

A

Pad-to-pad grip that also involves the thumb and one finger, usually the index finger (holding a coin between thumb and index finger)

110
Q

Three-jaw chuck (tripod grasp)

A

Pad-to-pad grip that also involves the thumb and two fingers, usually the index and middle fingers (holding a pen or pencil)

111
Q

Tip-to-tip grip

A

involves bringing the tip of the thumb up against the tip of another digit, usually the index finger, to pick up, a small object such as a coin or pin

112
Q

Tip-to-tip/pincer grip

A

involves bringing the tip of the thumb up against the tip of another digit, usually the index finger, to pick up, a small object such as a coin or pin

113
Q

Pad-to-side grip (lateral prehension)

A

has the pad of the extended thumb pressing an object against the radial side of the index finger - strong grip but it allows less fine movements

114
Q

Side-to-side

A

required adduction of the index finger and abduction of the middle finger - weak grip and does not permit much precision

115
Q

Lumbrical/plate grip

A

MCP flexed and the PIP and DIP joints extended - thumb opposes the fingers holding an object horizontal (plate or tray)

Kinesiology (14 decks)

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