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Kinesiology > Chapter 3 - Articular System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Articular System Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous joints

A

thin layer of fibrous periosteum between the two bones

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2
Q

Synarthrosis

A

known as the suture joint, a thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones (sutures of the skull)

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3
Q

Syndesmosis

A

ligamentous joint

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4
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A

synarthrosis, syndesmosis, gomphosis

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5
Q

Gomphosis

A

“bolting together” like teeth and the wall of the dental socket in the mandible and maxilla

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6
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones

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7
Q

Amphiarthrodial joints

A

another name for cartiliginous joints, allowing a small amount of motion (bending or twisting - and some compression) but provide a great deal of stability

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8
Q

Synovial joint

A

no direct union between the bone ends, a cavity filled with synovial fluid contained within a sleevelike capsule

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9
Q

Diarthrodial joint

A

another name for synovial joint, allowing for free motion but not as stable as the other types of joints

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10
Q

Nonaxial joints

A

movement tends to be linear instead of angular

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11
Q

Plane joint

A

joint surfaces are relatively flat and glide over one another instead of one moving around the other

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12
Q

Uniaxial joint

A

angular motion occuring in one plane around one axis

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13
Q

Hinge joint

A

allows for motion primarily in one plane

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14
Q

Piviot joint

A

uniaxial motion in the transverse plane around the longitudinal axis

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15
Q

Biaxial joint motion

A

movement that occuse in two different directions

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16
Q

Condyloid joints

A

found in the wrist and MCP joints, bidirectional motion

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17
Q

Saddle joint

A

articular surface of each bone is concave in one direction and convex in the other, allows for slight rotation

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18
Q

Triaxial joint

A

motion occurs actively around all three axes

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19
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

shape of the triaxial joint, ball shaped head fits into the concave socket

20
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of fibrous connective tissue, providing attachement for cartilage, facsia, and in some cases muscle

21
Q

Capsule

A

surrounds and excases the joint and protects the articular surfaces of the bones

22
Q

Synovial membrane

A

thick, vascular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid

23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

thick, clear fluid that lubricates the articular cartilage reducing friction and helps the joint move freely

24
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

also called articular cartilage, covers the ends of opposing bones within a synovial joint and works with synovial fluid to prove a smooth articulating surface in all synovial joints

25
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

acts as a shock absorber and is present in both synovial and cartiliginous joints

26
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

designed to help maintain a structure’s shape

27
Q

Tendon

A

connects muscles to bone

28
Q

Tendon sheaths

A

fibrous sleeves surroind the tendon when it is subject to pressure or friction (when it passes between muscles and bones or through a tunnel between bones)

29
Q

Aponeurosis

A

broad, flat tendinous sheet - foud in several places where muscles attach to bones

30
Q

Line alba

A

abdominal muscles approach the midline from both sides, they attach to an aponeurosis

31
Q

Bursae

A

small, padlike sacs found around most joints, located in areas of excessive friction (as between tendons and bony prominences)

32
Q

Center of gravity

A

point where the three cardinal planes intersect each other

33
Q

Sagittal axis

A

point that runs through a joint from front to back

34
Q

Frontal axis

A

runs through a joint from side to side

35
Q

Vertical axis

A

runs through a joint from top to bottom

36
Q

Dislocation

A

complete seperation of the two aricular surfaces of a joint

37
Q

Subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time

38
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

type of arthritis that is cause by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints

39
Q

Sprains

A

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

40
Q

Strain

A

overstretching of muscle fibers

41
Q

Tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

42
Q

Synovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon brane

43
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath and is often cause by repetitive use

44
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

45
Q

Capsulitis

A

inflammation of the joint capsule

46
Q

Capsular pattern

A

each joint has a characteristic pattern of lost motion that presents when capsular tightness is present

Kinesiology (14 decks)

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