Chapter 3 - Articular System Flashcards
Fibrous joints
thin layer of fibrous periosteum between the two bones
Synarthrosis
known as the suture joint, a thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones (sutures of the skull)
Syndesmosis
ligamentous joint
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
synarthrosis, syndesmosis, gomphosis
Gomphosis
“bolting together” like teeth and the wall of the dental socket in the mandible and maxilla
Cartilaginous joint
either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones
Amphiarthrodial joints
another name for cartiliginous joints, allowing a small amount of motion (bending or twisting - and some compression) but provide a great deal of stability
Synovial joint
no direct union between the bone ends, a cavity filled with synovial fluid contained within a sleevelike capsule
Diarthrodial joint
another name for synovial joint, allowing for free motion but not as stable as the other types of joints
Nonaxial joints
movement tends to be linear instead of angular
Plane joint
joint surfaces are relatively flat and glide over one another instead of one moving around the other
Uniaxial joint
angular motion occuring in one plane around one axis
Hinge joint
allows for motion primarily in one plane
Piviot joint
uniaxial motion in the transverse plane around the longitudinal axis
Biaxial joint motion
movement that occuse in two different directions
Condyloid joints
found in the wrist and MCP joints, bidirectional motion
Saddle joint
articular surface of each bone is concave in one direction and convex in the other, allows for slight rotation
Triaxial joint
motion occurs actively around all three axes
Ball-and-socket joint
shape of the triaxial joint, ball shaped head fits into the concave socket
Ligaments
bands of fibrous connective tissue, providing attachement for cartilage, facsia, and in some cases muscle
Capsule
surrounds and excases the joint and protects the articular surfaces of the bones
Synovial membrane
thick, vascular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
thick, clear fluid that lubricates the articular cartilage reducing friction and helps the joint move freely
Hyaline cartilage
also called articular cartilage, covers the ends of opposing bones within a synovial joint and works with synovial fluid to prove a smooth articulating surface in all synovial joints
Fibrocartilage
acts as a shock absorber and is present in both synovial and cartiliginous joints
Elastic cartilage
designed to help maintain a structure’s shape
Tendon
connects muscles to bone
Tendon sheaths
fibrous sleeves surroind the tendon when it is subject to pressure or friction (when it passes between muscles and bones or through a tunnel between bones)
Aponeurosis
broad, flat tendinous sheet - foud in several places where muscles attach to bones
Line alba
abdominal muscles approach the midline from both sides, they attach to an aponeurosis
Bursae
small, padlike sacs found around most joints, located in areas of excessive friction (as between tendons and bony prominences)
Center of gravity
point where the three cardinal planes intersect each other
Sagittal axis
point that runs through a joint from front to back
Frontal axis
runs through a joint from side to side
Vertical axis
runs through a joint from top to bottom
Dislocation
complete seperation of the two aricular surfaces of a joint
Subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time
Osteoarthritis
type of arthritis that is cause by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints
Sprains
partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers
Strain
overstretching of muscle fibers
Tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
Synovitis
inflammation of the tendon brane
Tenosynovitis
inflammation of the tendon sheath and is often cause by repetitive use
Bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
Capsulitis
inflammation of the joint capsule
Capsular pattern
each joint has a characteristic pattern of lost motion that presents when capsular tightness is present
