Chapter 12 - Wrist

Question 1

Radiocarpal joint

Answer 1

consists of the distal end of the radius and the radioulnar disk proximally and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum distally

Question 2

Condyloid joint

Answer 2

RC joint classification that allows for biaxial flexion and extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation

Question 3

Midcarpal joint

Answer 3

located between the two rows of carpal bones and allow gliding motions, which collectively contribute to motion of the wrist.

Question 4

Intercarpal joints

Answer 4

located between the carpal bones in each individual row and allow gliding motions, which collectively contribute to motion of the wrist.

Question 5

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints

Answer 5

appear between the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal end of the metacarpal bones

Question 6

Which plane and axis do radial and ulnar deviation occur?

Answer 6

plane: frontal
axis: sagittal

Question 7

Radial collateral ligament

Answer 7

attaches to the styloid process of the radius and to the scaphoid and trapezium bones

Question 8

Ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 8

attaches to the styloid process of the ulna and to the pisiform and triquetrum

Question 9

Palmar radiocarpal ligament

Answer 9

a broadband that attaches from the anterior surface of the distal radius and ulna to the anterior surface of the proximal carpal bones and to the capitate bone in the distal row

Question 10

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament

Answer 10

attaches from the posterior surface of the distal radius to the same surface of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

Question 11

Articular disk

Answer 11

• located on the distal end of the ulna and articulates with the triquetrum and lunate bones
• It acts as a shock absorber and as a filler between the distal ulna and its adjacent carpal bones—the triquetrum and lunate
• The disk fills the gap created because the ulna and its styloid process do not extend as far distally as the radius and its styloid process.

Question 12

Palmar aponeurosis

Answer 12

• relatively thick, triangular fascia located superficially in the palm of the hand
• covers the tendons of the extrinsic muscles and provides some protection to the structures in the palm
• distal attachment of the palmaris longus, which blends into this fascia, as does the flexor retinaculum

Question 13

Common Flexor tendon

Answer 13

a single tendon that originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. It gives rise to many muscles that are prime movers for flexion at either the wrist or the hand
- pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris.

Question 14

Common Extensor tendon

Answer 14

Originates on the lateral epicondyle. This single tendon gives rise to many muscles that are prime movers for either wrist or finger extension
- extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, and extensor digiti minimi.

Question 15

Flexor carpi ulnaris origin

Answer 15

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 16

Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

Answer 16

pisiform and base of 5th MC

Question 17

Flexor carpi ulnaris action

Answer 17

wrist flexion and ulnar deviation

Question 18

Flexor carpi ulnaris nerve

Answer 18

ulnar nerve

Question 19

Flexor carpi radialis origin

Answer 19

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 20

Flexor carpi radialis insertion

Answer 20

base of 2nd and 3rd MC

Question 21

Flexor carpi radialis action

Answer 21

wrist flexion and radial deviation

Question 22

Flexor carpi radialis nerve

Answer 22

median nerve

Question 23

Palmaris longus origin

Answer 23

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 24

Palmaris longus insertion

Answer 24

palmar aponeurosis

Question 25

Palmaris longus action

Answer 25

assistive in wrist flexion

Question 26

Palmaris longus nerve

Answer 26

median nerve

Question 27

Extensor carpi radialis longus origin

Answer 27

supracondylar ridge of humerus

Question 28

Extensor carpi radialis longus insertion

Answer 28

base of 2nd MC

Question 29

Extensor carpi radialis longus action

Answer 29

wrist extension and radial deviation

Question 30

Extensor carpi radialis longus nerve

Answer 30

radial nerve

Question 31

Extensor carpis radialis brevis origin

Answer 31

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 32

Extensor carpis radialis brevis insertion

Answer 32

base of 3rd MC

Question 33

Extensor carpis radialis brevis action

Answer 33

wrist extension

Question 34

Extensor carpis radialis brevis nerve

Answer 34

radial nerve

Question 35

Extensor carpi ulnaris origin

Answer 35

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 36

Extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

Answer 36

base of 5th MC

Question 37

Extensor carpi ulnaris action

Answer 37

wrist extension and ulnar deviation

Question 38

Extensor carpi ulnaris nerve

Answer 38

radial nerve

Question 39

Extensor retinaculum

Answer 39

contains all of the wrist, hand, and thumb tendons

Question 40

Colles fracture

Answer 40

a break in the distal radius at the level of the metaphysis and is a common injury in the elderly

Question 41

Smith’s fracture

Answer 41

distal fragment is displaced anteriorly (reverse Colles) and is caused by a fall on the back of the hand

Question 42

Greenstick fracture

Answer 42

incomplete fracture, usually of the radius and more proximal than a Colles fracture. It is more common in children than adults

Question 43

Scaphoid fracture

Answer 43

sometimes associated with damage to the blood vessel that supplies this bone and can lead to avascular necrosis

Question 44

Avascular necrosis

Answer 44

death of bone tissue

Question 45

Ganglion cyst

Answer 45

benign, fluid-filled cyst commonly seen as a bump on the dorsal surface of the wrist.

Question 46

Wrist sprians

Answer 46

common when a person falls on the outstretched hand. The wrist is usually hyperextended when the hand hits the ground.