Chapter 9 Pt 1 Flashcards
Genetically determined classes of human blood that are based on the presence or absence of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells.
ABO blood group
A form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant allele; the homozygous condition is lethal.
Achondroplasia
An alternative version of a gene.
Allele
A technique for diagnosing genetic defects while a fetus is in the uterus. A sample of amniotic fluid, obtained by a needle inserted into the amnion, is analyzed for telltale chemicals and defective fetal cells.
Amniocentesis
An individual who is heterozygous for a recessively inherited disorder and who therefore does not show symptoms of that disorder but who may pass on the recessive allele to offspring.
Carrier
A heritable feature that varies among individuals within a population, such as flower color in pea plants.
Character
A technique for diagnosing genetic defects while the fetus is in an early development stage within the uterus. A small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed and analyzed.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
Chromosome theory of inheritance
Inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct trait of both alleles
Codominant
A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
Complete dominance
A mating of two sexually reproducing individuals; often used to describe a genetics experiment involving a controlled mating.
Cross
The fusion of sperm and egg derived from two different individuals.
Cross-fertilization
A genetic disease that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
Cystic fibrosis
An experimental mating of individuals differing at two genetic loci.
Dihybrid cross
The allele that determines the phenotype of a gene when the individual is heterozygous for that gene.
Dominant allele
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
The offspring of two parental (P generation) individuals. This stands for first filial.
F1 generation
The offspring of the F1 generation. This stands for second filial
F2 generation
The genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
Hemophilia
Having two different alleles for a given gene.
Heterozygous
Having two identical alleles for a given gene
Homozygous
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10-20 years after the onset of symptoms.
Huntington’s disease
The offspring of parents of two different species or of two different varieties of one species; the offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits; an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pairs of genes.
Hybrid
