Chapter 31 Pt 1 Flashcards
A plant that completes its life cycle in a single year or growing season
Annual
A structure at the tip of a plant root or in the terminal or axillary bud of a shoot.
Apical Meristem
An embryonic shoot present in the angle formed by a leaf and stem.
Axillary bud
All the tissues external to the vascular cambium in a plant that is growing in thickness. This structure is made up of secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork.
Bark
A plant that completes its life cycle in two years.
Biennal
In plants, a cell with a thick primary wall and no secondary wall, functioning mainly in supporting growing parts
Collenchyma cell
In a plant, a cell connected to a sieve-tube member whose nucleus and ribosomes provide proteins for the sieve-tube member.
Companion Cell
The outermost protective layer of a plant’s bark, produced by this structure’s cambium.
Cork
Meristematic tissue that produces this structure’s cells during secondary growth of a plant.
Cork cambium
In plants, the ground tissue system of a root, made up mostly of parenchyma cells, which store food and absorb minerals that have passed through the epidermis.
Cortex
The first leaf that appears on an embryo of a flowering plant; a seed leaf. Monocot embryos have one of these structures; dicot embryos have two
Cotyledon
The outer protective covering of plants
Dermal tissue system
A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons
Dicots
In flowering plants, the formation of both a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus, which develops into the endosperm.
Double Fertilization
The innermost layer (a one-cell-thick cylinder) of the cortex of a plant root; forms a selective barrier determining which substances pass from the cortex into the vascular tissue
Endodermis
In flowering plants, a nutrient-rich mass formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization; provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the seed.
Endosperm
In plants, the tissue system forming the protective outer covering of leaves, young stems, and young roots.
Epidermis
In plants, the tissue system forming the protective outer covering of leaves, young stems, and young roots.
Epidermis
In plants, a long, slender sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in a bundle.
Fiber
A ripened, thickened ovary of a flower, which protects developing seeds and aids in their dispersal.
Fruit
The multicellular haploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing alternation of generations; mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
Gametophyte
To start developing or growing.
Germinate
A tissue of mostly parenchyma cells that makes up the bulk of a young plant and is continuous throughout its body. This system fills the space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue system.
Ground Tissue System
A specialized epidermal cell in plants that regulates the size of a stoma, allowing gas exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells in the leaf.
Guard cells
A specialized epidermal cell in plants that regulates the size of a stoma, allowing gas exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells in the leaf.
Guard cells
In the center of trees, the darkened, older layers of secondary xylem made up of cells that no longer transport water and are clogged with resins
Heartwood
The portion of a plant stem between two of these structures.
Internode
This structure thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are parts of this structure.
Lateral Meristem
The main site of photosynthesis in a plant; consists of a flattened blade and a stalk (petiole) that joins this structure to the stem.
Leaf
