Chapter 31 Pt 1

Question 1

A plant that completes its life cycle in a single year or growing season

Answer 1

Annual

Question 2

A structure at the tip of a plant root or in the terminal or axillary bud of a shoot.

Answer 2

Apical Meristem

Question 3

An embryonic shoot present in the angle formed by a leaf and stem.

Answer 3

Axillary bud

Question 4

All the tissues external to the vascular cambium in a plant that is growing in thickness. This structure is made up of secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork.

Answer 4

Bark

Question 5

A plant that completes its life cycle in two years.

Answer 5

Biennal

Question 6

In plants, a cell with a thick primary wall and no secondary wall, functioning mainly in supporting growing parts

Answer 6

Collenchyma cell

Question 7

In a plant, a cell connected to a sieve-tube member whose nucleus and ribosomes provide proteins for the sieve-tube member.

Answer 7

Companion Cell

Question 8

The outermost protective layer of a plant’s bark, produced by this structure’s cambium.

Answer 8

Cork

Question 9

Meristematic tissue that produces this structure’s cells during secondary growth of a plant.

Answer 9

Cork cambium

Question 10

In plants, the ground tissue system of a root, made up mostly of parenchyma cells, which store food and absorb minerals that have passed through the epidermis.

Answer 10

Cortex

Question 11

The first leaf that appears on an embryo of a flowering plant; a seed leaf. Monocot embryos have one of these structures; dicot embryos have two

Answer 11

Cotyledon

Question 12

The outer protective covering of plants

Answer 12

Dermal tissue system

Question 13

A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons

Answer 13

Dicots

Question 14

In flowering plants, the formation of both a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus, which develops into the endosperm.

Answer 14

Double Fertilization

Question 15

The innermost layer (a one-cell-thick cylinder) of the cortex of a plant root; forms a selective barrier determining which substances pass from the cortex into the vascular tissue

Answer 15

Endodermis

Question 16

In flowering plants, a nutrient-rich mass formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization; provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the seed.

Answer 16

Endosperm

Question 17

In plants, the tissue system forming the protective outer covering of leaves, young stems, and young roots.

Answer 17

Epidermis

Question 18

In plants, the tissue system forming the protective outer covering of leaves, young stems, and young roots.

Answer 18

Epidermis

Question 19

In plants, a long, slender sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in a bundle.

Answer 19

Fiber

Question 20

A ripened, thickened ovary of a flower, which protects developing seeds and aids in their dispersal.

Answer 20

Fruit

Question 21

The multicellular haploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing alternation of generations; mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.

Answer 21

Gametophyte

Question 22

To start developing or growing.

Answer 22

Germinate

Question 23

A tissue of mostly parenchyma cells that makes up the bulk of a young plant and is continuous throughout its body. This system fills the space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue system.

Answer 23

Ground Tissue System

Question 24

A specialized epidermal cell in plants that regulates the size of a stoma, allowing gas exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells in the leaf.

Answer 24

Guard cells

Question 25

A specialized epidermal cell in plants that regulates the size of a stoma, allowing gas exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells in the leaf.

Answer 25

Guard cells

Question 26

In the center of trees, the darkened, older layers of secondary xylem made up of cells that no longer transport water and are clogged with resins

Answer 26

Heartwood

Question 27

The portion of a plant stem between two of these structures.

Answer 27

Internode

Question 28

This structure thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are parts of this structure.

Answer 28

Lateral Meristem

Question 29

The main site of photosynthesis in a plant; consists of a flattened blade and a stalk (petiole) that joins this structure to the stem.

Answer 29

Leaf