Chapter 8 Pt 2

Question 1

The arrest of cell division that occurs when cells grown in a laboratory dish touch one another.

Answer 1

Density-dependent inhibition

Question 2

In an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent; a 2n cell

Answer 2

Diploid cell

Question 3

Repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome; can result from an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis.

Answer 3

Duplication

Question 4

The union of the nucleus of a sperm cell with the nucleus of an egg cell, producing a zygote.

Answer 4

Fertilization

Question 5

The production, by crossing over and/or independent assortment of chromosomes during
meiosis, of offspring with allele combinations different from those in the parents.

Answer 5

Genetic recombination

Question 6

These structures are of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern and possess genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One of the chromosomes is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.

Answer 6

Homologous chromosomes

Question 7

The period in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell is not actually dividing. This phase constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle.

Answer 7

Interphase

Question 8

A change in a chromosome resulting from reattachment of a chromosome fragment to the original chromosome, but in a reverse direction. Mutagens and errors during meiosis can cause inversions.

Answer 8

Inversion

Question 9

A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centromere position.

Answer 9

Karyotype

Question 10

A type of cancer of the blood-forming tissues, characterized by an excessive production of white blood cells and an abnormally high number of them in the blood; cancer of the bone marrow cells that produce leukocytes.

Answer 10

Leukemia

Question 11

The particular site where a gene is found on a chromosome. Homologous chromosomes have corresponding gene exact locations.

Answer 11

Locus

Question 12

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site.

Answer 12

Metastasis

Question 13

The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. This phase and cytokinesis
make up the M phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

The part of the cell cycle when the nucleus is divided (via mitosis), its chromosomes are distributed to the daughter nuclei, and the cytoplasm divided (via cytokinesis), producing two daughter cells.

Answer 14

Mitotic (M) phase

Question 15

A football-shaped structure formed of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 15

Mitotic spindle

Question 16

An accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate at Anaphase.

Answer 16

Nondisjunction

Question 17

The second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids.

Answer 17

Pro metaphase

Question 18

The first stage of mitosis, during which the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still intact.

Answer 18

Prophase

Question 19

Cancer of the supportive tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle.

Answer 19

Sarcoma

Question 20

A structure that determines whether an individual is male or female.

Answer 20

Sex chromosome

Question 21

The creation of offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells (gametes), forming a diploid zygote

Answer 21

Sexual reproduction

Question 22

One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 22

Sister chromosome

Question 23

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell or a cell that develops into a sperm or egg

Answer 23

Somatic cell

Question 24

The fifth and final stage of mitosis, during which daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell. This phase usually occurs together with cytokinesis.

Answer 24

Telophase

Question 25

A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids. The sets of chromosomes form during Prophase I of meiosis.

Answer 25

Tetrad

Question 26

During protein synthesis, the movement of a tRNA molecule carrying a growing polypeptide chain from the A site to the P site on a ribosome.

Answer 26

Translocation

Question 27

An abnormal mass of cells that forms within otherwise normal tissue.

Answer 27

Tumor

Question 28

The fertilized egg, which is diploid, that results from the union of a sperm cell nucleus and an egg cell nucleus

Answer 28

Zygote