Chapter 4 Pt 2

Question 1

A digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells; contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest the cell’s food and wastes.

Answer 1

Lysosome

Question 2

The thinnest of the three main kinds of protein fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a solid, helical rod composed of the globular protein actin.

Answer 2

Microfilament

Question 3

A photograph taken through a microscope.

Answer 3

Micrograph

Question 4

The thickest of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a straight, hollow tube made of globular proteins called tubulins. These structures form the basis of the structures that help move the cilia and flagella.

Answer 4

Microtube

Question 5

The fluid contained within the inner membrane of this organelle.

Answer 5

Mictochondrial matrix

Question 6

An organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs. Enclosed by two concentric membranes, it is where most of the cell’s ATP is made. “The energy powerhouse of the cell!”

Answer 6

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A double membrane, perforated with pores, which encloses this organelle and separates it from the rest of the eukaryotic cell.

Answer 7

Nuclear envelope

Question 8

A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 8

Nucleoid

Question 9

A structure within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell where ribosomal RNA is made and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal subunits.

Answer 9

Nucleolus

Question 10

The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell.

Answer 11

Organelle

Question 12

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Answer 12

Peroxisome

Question 13

The membrane that sets a cell off from its surroundings and acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell; consists of a phospholipid bilayer in which are embedded molecules of protein and cholesterol.

Answer 13

Plasma membrane

Question 14

An open channel in a plant cell wall through which strands of cytoplasm connect from adjacent cells.

Answer 14

Plasmodesma

Question 15

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Answer 15

Prokaryotic cell

Question 16

A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus.

Answer 16

Ribosome

Question 17

A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell’s cytoplasm. This things membranes are studded with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

Answer 17

Rough ER

Question 18

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the surface architecture of a cell or other specimen.

Answer 18

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 19

The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water; Sugars are made in the stroma by the enzymes of the Calvin cycle.

Answer 19

Stroma

Question 20

One of a number of disk-shaped membranous sacs inside a chloroplast. Thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and the enzymes of the light reactions of photosynthesis. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum.

Answer 20

Thylakoid

Question 21

microscope that uses an electron beam to study the internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens.

Answer 21

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 22

A tiny membranous sac in a cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. The vesicle buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi and eventually fuses with another membranous organelle or the plasma membrane, releasing its contents.

Answer 22

Transport Vesicle

Question 23

A membrane-enclosed sac that is part of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell, having diverse functions.

Answer 23

Vacuole

Question 24

A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 24

Vesicle