Chapter 10 Pt 1

Question 1

A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA.

Answer 1

Adenine (A)

Question 2

the late stages of HIV infection, characterized by a reduced number of T cells and the appearance of characteristic opportunistic infections

Answer 2

AIDS (Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom)

Question 3

On a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA.

Answer 3

Anticodon

Question 4

A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.

Answer 4

Bacteriophage

Question 5

The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape.

Answer 5

Capsid

Question 6

A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.

Answer 6

Codon

Question 7

The union (mating) of two bacterial cells or protist cells and the transfer of DNA between the two cells.

Answer 7

Conjugation

Question 8

A single-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA.

Answer 8

Cytosine (C)

Question 9

An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA strands; used in genetic engineering to paste a specific piece of DNA containing a gene of interest into a bacterial plasmid or other vector.

Answer 9

DNA ligase

Question 10

An enzyme that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template.

Answer 10

DNA polymerase

Question 11

The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.

Answer 11

Double helix

Question 12

A virus that has appeared suddenly or has recently come to the attention of medical scientists.

Answer 12

Emerging virus/disease

Question 13

A piece of DNA that can exist as a bacterial plasmid. This carries the genes for making sex pili and other structures needed for conjugation, as well as a site where DNA replication can start. The capital letter stands for fertility.

Answer 13

F factor

Question 14

The set of rules that dictates the correspondence between RNA codons in an mRNA molecule and amino acids in protein.

Answer 14

Genetic code

Question 15

A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA.

Answer 15

Guanine

Question 16

The retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and causes AIDS.

Answer 16

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

Question 17

A type of bacteriophage replication cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage. New phages are not produced, and the host cell is not killed or lysed unless the viral genome leaves the host chromosome.

Answer 17

Lysogenic Cycle

Question 18

A type of viral replication cycle resulting in the release of new viruses by lysis (breaking open) of the host cell.

Answer 18

Lytic cycle

Question 19

The study of the molecular basis of genes and gene expression.

Answer 19

Molecular biology

Question 20

A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.

Answer 20

Mutagen

Question 21

The creation of a mutation

Answer 21

Mutagenesis

Question 22

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s DNA; This can also can occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus; the ultimate source of genetic diversity.

Answer 22

Mutation

Question 23

An organic monomer consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. These structures are the building blocks of nucleic acids.

Answer 23

Nucleotide

Question 24

One of two of a ribosome’s binding sites for tRNA during translation. This site holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain. (The first letter stands for peptidyl tRNA.)

Answer 24

P site

Question 25

A small ring of independently replicating DNA separate from the main chromosome(s). This circular DNA can be found in prokaryotes and yeast.

Answer 25

Plasmid