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PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging > Chapter #9: Personality > Flashcards

Chapter #9: Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Trait

A

any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from others

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2
Q

Trait Theories

A

theories of personality that assume little change occurs across adulthood

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3
Q

Five-Factor Model

A

a model of dispitional traits with the dimensions, there are 5

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4
Q

What are the 5 dispositional traits of the Five Factor Model?

A
  1. Neuroticism
  2. Extraversion
  3. Openness to Experience
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Consciouentiousness
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5
Q

Neuroticism

A

characterized by anxiety, hostility, self-consioucness, depression, impulsiveness, and vulnerability
* High = nervous, high strung, tense, worried
* Low = opposite of that

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6
Q

Extraversion

A

characterized by 3 interpersonal traits (Warmth, Gregariousness, and Assertiveness) and 3 temperamental traits (Activity, Excitement Seeking, and Positive Emotions)
* relates to occupational interest and values

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7
Q

Openness to Experience

A

6 different areas:
* Fantasy - vivid imagination & active dream life
* Aesthetics - appreciationof art and beauty
* Action - people exhibit a willingnes to try something
* Ideas & Values - admitting what may be right for one person, may not be right for everyone

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8
Q

Agreeableness

A

Easy to work with, altruistic, patient, modest, straight-forward, sensitive

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9
Q

Conscientiousness

A

indicates high hardworking, ambitious, energetic
* strong desire to make something of themselves

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10
Q

What happens to dispositional traits across adulthood?

A

Older adults in their 70s to 80s were shown to have more stable traits

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11
Q

Personality Adjustment

A

involves developmental changes in term of their adaptive value and functionality
* eg. functioning effectively within society and how personality contributes to everyday life running smoothly

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12
Q

Personality Growth

A

ideal & states
* e.g. increased self-transcendance, widsom, and integrity

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13
Q

Ego Development

A

the fundamental changes in the ways our thoughts, values, morals, and goals are organized
* transitions from one stage to another
* depends on both internal and external changes to which a person may adapt

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14
Q

Triggering Stimulus, Expectancy, States/State Expressions, and Reactions (TESSERA) Model

A

describes a process in which long-term personality development is the product of repeated-short term, situational processes
* short-term proces repreat and create a feedback loop
* in turn can result in personality and behavior change overtime

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15
Q

Jung’s Theory of Personality

A

emphasizes that each aspect of a person’s identity/personality must be in balance with all others
* Asserts 2 orientations of the Ego
* External Experience –> Extraversion
* Inner World of Subjective Experiences –> Intraversion

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16
Q

Introversion-Extraversion Distinction

A

young adults tend to be more extraverted than older adults
* with increasing age, need for balance prompts focus inwards, increasing introversion

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17
Q

Feminine/Masculine Aspects of Personality

A

young adults acts more in accordance with gender stereotypes
* as we grow older, people begin to let out supressed parts of their personality

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18
Q

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

A

stated personality is determined by the interaction between an inner maturational plan and external societal demands

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19
Q

Epigentic Principle

A

the notion that development is guided by an underlying plan in which certain issues have their own particular times of importance
* sequence of stgaes in Erikson’s stages
* To achieve integrity, a person must come to terms with the choices and events that made his or her life unique

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20
Q

Clarifications/Expansions of Erikson’s Theory: Logan (1986) Cyclic Approach

A

Pointed out the theory can be considered a cycle
* First establish trust, and then establish a relationship
* Theme of our need for achievement and to be recognized
* Understanding ourselves as worthwhile and whole in old age

21
Q

Clarifications/Expansions of Erikson’s Theory: Slater (2003) Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

Pride and Embarassment, Responsibility and Ambivalence, Career Productivity and Inadequacy

22
Q

Clarifications/Experiences of Erikson’s Theory: Patterson (2012) Incarnation vs Impudence

A

“resolved through experimental sexuality, temporal, and spatial social, and intimate relationships. Interdependence and dependnece, helplessness, and relativist/absolutist ideological”

23
Q

Mid-Life Crisis

A

the facing of one’s own age and mortality; look at oneself and hope to attain a much better understanding of who they are

24
Q

McAdam’s Life-Story Model

A

argues that a person’s sense of identity cannot be understood using the language of dispositional traits or personal concerns
* Identity - based on a story of how the person came into being, where the person has been, where they are going

25
Q

Lifespan Construct

A

a person’s unified sense of the past, present, and future
* Scenario - consisting of expectations about the future that are often tied to achieving specific outcome by a particular age

26
Q

Identity Accomodation

A

self evaluation and considering alternatives

27
Q

Identity Assimilation

A

self justification, defensive, rigidity, and lack of insight

28
Q

McAdams & Pal’s Framework

A

1a. Triats - dispositions/characteristics
1b. States - act with traits to create short term changes in emotions, mood, hunger etc.

2a. Personal Concerns - things important to people
2b. Self-Regulatory Processes - sefl-efficacy, outcome expectancy, primary/secondary control

3a. Life Narrative - integrative aspects of personality pulling things together to given an identity
3b. Cognitive Processes - act jointly with narratives of what one remembers, descriptions of longing, how people have changed or aligned themselves with new realities

29
Q

1950s Cross-Sectional Study on the Five Factor Model Found

A

Personality is stable for 30+ years
correlation = .68-.85 over 12 years

30
Q

Neuroticism

A

Lower with age for women
Anxiery & Hostility –> gives rise to fear and anger
Self-consciousness & depression&raquo_space;> emotions of shame and sorrow
Impulsiveness & vulnerability lead to poor self-regulatory behaviors and little stress management

31
Q

HEXACO Model

A

applied the lexical approach to language around the world, revealed a 6th factor called Honesty-Humility

32
Q

The Dark Tetrad

A

includes ranges of personality traits, behaviors that violate social norms, and invariant across sex
1. Machiavellianism
2. Narcissim
3. Primary Psychopathy
4. Everyday Sadism

33
Q

Machiavellianism

A

manipulation, power, strategic planning, and deceit

34
Q

Narcissism

A

grandiose, entitled exploited, need for power

35
Q

Personal Concerns

A

what people want or do not want, when and how they plan to get it, and how they interact in personal relationships

36
Q

Identiy vs. Role Confusion

A

Adolescence
Strength: Fidelity = being authentic
Peer groups and outgroups model of leadership

37
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

Emerging adulthood
Strength: Love
Partners in friendships, sex competition, cooperation

38
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

Mid-life
Strength: Care
Divided labors and shared household

39
Q

Integrity vs. Despair
Strength: Widsom
Humankind, “my kind”

A
40
Q

Marcia’s Identiy Status Interview

A

Crisis and commitment intersect, 4 statuses
1. Diffused
2. Foreclosed
3. Mortorium
4. Identiy Achieved

41
Q

Diffused Identity Status

A

No Exploration, No Committment
* carefree difussed and undifferentiated, unsuccesful at articulating goals/committment

42
Q

Foreclosed Identiy Status

A

No Exploration, Yes Committment
* closed-minded, rigid, higher self-esteem

43
Q

Mortatorium Identiy Status

A

Yes Exploration, No Committment
* open, curious, but anxious, depressed

44
Q

Identity Achieved Status

A

Yes Exploration, Yes Committment
* balanced, mature, and thoughtful

45
Q

MAMA Cycles

A

oscilation between Moriatorium and Achievement
* once you have explored, there is no going back and the only choice you have is to committ or not

46
Q

Midlifers show higher generative committment

A

Generative parents&raquo_space;> closer to youth, have kids who are happier, prosocial
* stability from 40s to 60s
* teach, volunteer, do not profit work

47
Q

Older adults are satisfed, coherent, and find purpose in life-review

A
  • Don’t well on lost opportunities
  • Balance thoughts of death with legacy through children, grand children, and great grandchildren
48
Q

Mcadams & Whitbourne’s Life-Story Model

A

our internalized narrative helps create the self; reconstructed past and perceived future

PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging (12 decks)

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