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PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging > Chapter #11: Relationship > Flashcards

Chapter #11: Relationship Flashcards

1
Q

Friendship

A

a mutual relationship in which those who are involved, influence one anothers behaviors and beliefs, and define friendshop quality as the satisfaction derived from the relationship
* based on feelings and grounded in recpirocity & choice

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2
Q

ABCDE Model

A

descirbes the 5 stages of friendships
1. Advancement
2. Buildup
3. Continutation
4. Deteroriation
5. Ending

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3
Q

3 Broad Themes of Adult Friendships

A
  1. Affective/Emotional Basis
  2. Shared/Communal Nature
  3. Sociability/Compatability Dimension
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4
Q

Affective/Emotional Basis

A

self-disclosure, expression of intimacy, appreciation, affection, and support
* based on trust, loyalty, and committment

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5
Q

Shared/Communal Nature

A

how friends participate in or support activites of mutual interest

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6
Q

Sociability/Compatability Dimension

A

how friends keep us entertained and are sources of amusement, fun, and recreation

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7
Q

Trust Develops in 4 Sources

A
  1. Reputation
  2. Performance, or what users do online
  3. Precommittment, through personal self-disculosure
  4. Situational Factors; premium placed on intimacy and the relationship
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8
Q

Do online social network friendships develop similar to in person ones?

A

True

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9
Q

Siblings bonds are generally:

A

closer and the longest lasting
* Centrality depends on proximity, health, prior relationships, and relatedness
* close in youth, drift as adults, come back together in old age

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10
Q

Do older adults tend to have fewer relationships?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Socioemotional Selectivity

A

argues that social contract is motivtated by a variety of goals, informational seeking, self-concept, and emotional regulation
* each goal is emotionally salient at different points of the adult life span
* Information seeking = young adult goal
* Emotional regulation = older adult goal

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12
Q

Men’s, Women’s, and Cross-Sex Friendships

A

4 characterstics of same-sex friendships do not appear to differ in men/women
1. Georgraphic proximity
2. Similarity of interests/values
3. Inclsion
4. Symmetrical Reciporcity

3 Characeristics that distinguish female/male same-sex relationships
1. Communion & Self-Disclosure
2. Greater effort and expectations from friends
3. Greater risk of corumination

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13
Q

Sternberg’s 3 Components of Love

A

a true love relationship consists of all 3
1. Passion - an intense psychological desire for someone
2. Intimacy - the feeling that you can share all your thoughts/actions with someone
3. Committment - the willingness to stay with a person through good and bad times

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14
Q

Infatuation

A

an intense physiclly based relationships
* high risk of misunderstanding and jealousy

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15
Q

As the length of a relationship increases

A
  • intimacy + passion decrease
  • intimacy + committment increase
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16
Q

Assortative Mating

A

a theory of people find partners based on their similarity to each other
* occurs more in Western Society that allows choice over their mates

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17
Q

Homogamy

A

the degree to which people are similar
* shows a likelihood to they “click” in many dimensions

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18
Q

1 in 5 couples in the U.S. meet online

A

physical attractiveness strongly influence initial selections online

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19
Q

Hookup Culture & Casual Sex

A

3/4 express regret hooking up

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20
Q

Culture is a powerful force in shaping mate selection occurs

A

countries that llow mate choosing tend to develop more secure romantic attachments

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21
Q

Abusive Relationship

A

a relationship that one partner displays aggressive behavior towards the other partner

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22
Q

Battered Women Syndrome

A

a situation in which a woman believes she canno leave an abusive relationship and where she may even go as far as to kill her abuser
* Risk Factors:
* 1. Female, African American
* 2. Living in atypical family structure
* 3. more romantic partners

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23
Q

What range of aggressive behaviors occurs in abusive relationships?

A
  1. Verbal Aggression
  2. Physical Aggresion
  3. Severe Aggression
  4. Murder
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24
Q

What are the characteristics of Verbal Aggression

A

insults, yelling, name calling, need to control, jealousy, misuse of power

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25
Q

What are the characteristics of Physical Aggression?

A

pushing, slapping, shoving
accept violence as means of control, modeling of phyiscal aggression, abused as a child, aggressive personality styles

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26
Q

What are characteristics of Severe Aggression?

A

beating, punching, hitting w/object
Personality disorders, emotional lability, poor self-esteem

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27
Q

Physical Abuse

A

the use of physical force that may result in bodily, injury, physical pain, or impairment

28
Q

Sexual Abuse

A

nonconsensual sexual contact on any kind

29
Q

Emotional/Psychological Abuse

A

infliction of anguish, pain, or distress

30
Q

Financial/Psychological Abuse

A

the illegal or improper use of an older adult’s funds, property, or assets

31
Q

Abandonment

A

the desertion of an older adult by an individual who had physical custody or assumed responsibility in care

32
Q

Neglect

A

refusal or failure to fulfill any part of a person’s obligation or duties to an older adult

33
Q

Self-Neglect

A

the behaviors of an older person that threaten own health or safety

34
Q

1 in 10 older adults are at risk for some type of abyse, neglect, or exploitation

A
  • lack of clear definitions across states
  • embarassment of low reporting
  • general lack of services
35
Q

Many remain single as they focus on establishing their careers

A
  • did not find the right person
  • prefer singlehood
  • decision to never marry is a gradual one
  • identifying singlehood with marriage
36
Q

Cohabitation

A

living with another person as part of a committed, intimate, sexual relationship
* increasingly popular in the United States
* primarily women, has doubled for older adults
* does not seem to make marriages better

37
Q

LGBTQ+ Relationships

A

relationships of gay/lesbian couples have similarites to those heterosexual couples
* dual earner relationships
* majority are married
* share household chores
* Transgender & Non Gender Conforming older adults experience social isolations more than most

38
Q

Marital Success

A

an umbrella term referring to any marital outcome

39
Q

Marital Quality

A

the subjective evaluation of the couple’s relationship on a number of different dimensions

40
Q

Marital Adjustment

A

the degree spouses accomodate each other over a certain period of time

41
Q

Martial Satisfaction

A

a global assessment of one’s marriage

42
Q

1 key factor to success is age

A

the younger the partners are, the lowers the odds the marriage will last

43
Q

Homogamy

A

the notion similar interest and values are important forming strong, lasting, interpersonal relationships

44
Q

Exchange Theory

A

a theory of relationships based on the idea each partner contributes something to the relationship the other would be hard-pressed to provide
* perceive fair exchange, equity, in all dimensions

45
Q

Key Predictors of Marital Success

A
  • respect for emotion
  • attitudes towards marriage
  • expression of love
  • sexual adjustment
  • importance of likings of the spouse
  • temperament
  • value
  • taste & interest
46
Q

Do married couples stay happy?

A

Overall marital satisfaction is:
* highest at the beginning of marriage
* falls until children leave home
* stabilities and continues to decline in later life

47
Q

Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model

A

martial quality as a dynamic process that results from a couple’s ability to handle stressful events on the context of their particular vulnerabilities and resources

48
Q

The Early Years of Marriage

A

couples tend to have global adoration for their spouse regarding spouse’s qualities
* stress incrases, satisfaction decline
* children are the main stressor
* Disillusionament - decline in feeling in love, in demonstrations of affectioon, feeling that one’s spouse as responsive

49
Q

Married Singles

A

married couples who have grown apart but continue to live together
* emotionally divorced and live more as housemates

50
Q

Older Couples Marriage

A

Marital satisfaction icnreases after retirement, but then decreases with health problems & advancing age

51
Q

What are specific characteristics that married older adults?

A
  • selective memeory regarding the occurence of the negative events, and perception of their partner
  • reduced potential for martial conflcit
  • greater potential for pleasure
  • strong dyadic coping strategies
52
Q

Most partners caregivers adopt the role of caregiver out of necessity and not choice

A

attempts to balance their perceived competence allows them to be proactive
stressful and rewarding in terms of martial relationships

53
Q

Divorce in the United States has a 50-50 chance of getting married and remaining together

A

True

54
Q

Gottman & Levenson proposed 2 models that predict divorce

A
  • 7 years of marriage
  • First child reaches age 14
55
Q

Demand-Withdrawal Model

A

one partner places a demand on the other, who then withdrawals either emotionally or physically

56
Q

Divorce Hangover

A

reflects divorced partners inability to let go, develop new friendships, or reorient themselves as single partners
* forgiving ex-spouse is important for eventual adjustment

57
Q

Rates of remarriage differ dramatically be age

A
  • women are less likely to remarry than men
  • men are less likely to remarry in general
  • European Americans are the most likely group to remarry
  • African Americans, then Asian Americans
58
Q

Widowhood

A

the death of a partner is one of the most traumatic events that they experience
* women are more likely to be widowed than men
* only 15% men are widowers are age 65+
* Loneliness is a major problem

59
Q

Nuclear Family

A

form of family consisting only of parent(s) and children

60
Q

Extended Family

A

the most common family form globally in which grand parents and other relative live with parents and children

61
Q

Familialism

A

refers to the idea that the well-being of the family takes precedence over the concerns of individual family members
* high feelings of obligations to family
* raising multi-ethnic creates problesm

62
Q

40% of births in United States are to mothers who are unmarried

A

varies across ethnic groups
* 72% among African Americans
* frustrations, failure, guilt, need to be other indulgent
* loneliness is expectant
* feel insecure about sexuality

63
Q

1/3 of Northern American parents become step, foster, or adoptive parents during their lives

A
  • issues in how strongly a child connects with them
  • dynamics of blended families can be complicated
64
Q

Kinkeepr

A

the person who gathers family members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with each other

65
Q

Sandwich Generation

A

middle-aged adults caught between the competing demands of two generations; their parents and their children

66
Q

When children leave home, emotional bonds are disrupted

A

Mothers report feeling sad, but have more positive feelings about
children are regarded as success based on developmental experiences

67
Q

Filial Obligation

A

the feelings that, as an adult, one must care for one’s parents

Adults experience stress for 2 main reasons
1. May have trouble coping with declines their parent’s functioning
2. Care situation is perceived as confining or seriously infringes on the adult chold’s other responsibilites

PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging (12 decks)

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