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PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging > Chapter #4: Longevity, Health, & Functioning > Flashcards

Chapter #4: Longevity, Health, & Functioning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the longest verified human lifespan?

A

Jeanne Calment; 122 years

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2
Q

Average Longevity

A
  • the average life expectancy
  • refers to the age that HALF of the individuals who are born a particuar year will have died
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3
Q

What is the average longevity of the United States?

A

79 Years Old

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4
Q

At age 65, U.S. women can be expected to live 20 more years, why?

A
  • declines in infant mortality rates
  • eliminating diseases
  • better healthcare
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5
Q

Maximum Longevity

A

the oldest age to which any individual of a species lives

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6
Q

What is the estimated Maximum Longevity for humans?

A

120 Years

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7
Q

Active Life Expectancy

A

the age to which one can expect to live independently

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8
Q

Dependent Life Expectancy

A

the age to which someone can expect to live with assistance

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9
Q

What are some of the Genetic Factors that influence Longevity?

A
  • Family history
  • Gene mutations
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10
Q

What are some Enviornmental Factors that influence Longevity?

A
  • Diseases
  • Toxins
  • Lifestyle
  • SES
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11
Q

Ethnic Differences in Average Longevity

A

African Americans vs. White Europeans
* 4 years less for Men
* 3 years less for women
* By age 85, African Americans outlive White Europeans

Latinos have longest longevity

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12
Q

Gender Differences in Longevity

A

Women’s longevity lasts 5 more years at birth
* Infanticide of baby girls has been further prevented with better access to healthcare

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13
Q

International Differences in Longevity

A
  • Less indunstrializaed countires have much shorter life expectancies
  • Influenced by the majority of the population is youth
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14
Q

Health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being

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15
Q

Illness

A

the prescence of a physical or mental disease or impairment

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16
Q

Why are Self-Health ratings useful?

A
  1. Captures more aspects of health than other measures
  2. reflects changes in respondent’s health and life circumstances, experiences, and expectations
  3. Assessment of internal and external resources
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17
Q

Health-Related Quality of Life

A

all of the aspects of life that are affect by changes in one’s health status

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18
Q

Non-Health-Related Quality of Life

A

things in the environment that can affect our overall experience and enjoyment in life
Ex: entertainment, economic resources

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19
Q

Autoimmunity

A

the process by which the immune system begins attacking the body

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20
Q

Psychonerroimmunology

A

the study of relations between psychological, neurological, and immunological systems that raise or lower risk of disease

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21
Q

Acute Diseases

A

conditions that develop over a short period of time and cause a rapid change in health

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22
Q

Chronic Diseases

A

conditions that last a longer period of time and may be accompanied by residual impairment and need long-term management

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23
Q

Stress & Coping Paradigm

A

views stress not as an enviornmental stimulus, but as the interaction of a thinking person and event

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24
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

first time one views a situation
* Is it irrelevant, positive, or stressful?

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25
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

evaluating our percieved ability to cope with harm, threat, or challenge
* What can I do?
* How likely is it that I can use one of my options succesfully?

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26
Q

Reappraisal

A

involves making a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from changes in the situation
* Can either increase or decrease stress

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27
Q

Coping

A

attempts to deal with stress

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28
Q

Problem-Focused Coping

A

attempting to tackle problems head one
Ex: flashcards, rehearsing a speech

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29
Q

Emotion-Focused Coping

A

dealing with one’s feelings about the stressful events
Ex: breathing exercises, affirmations

30
Q

Diabetes

A

Metabolic syndrome
Pancrease produces an insufficient glucose

31
Q

Type I Diabetes

A

develops earlier in life and requires the use of insulin

32
Q

Type II Diabetes

A

develops in adulthood and managed through diet

33
Q

What is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States?

A

Cancer

34
Q

What are the most common forms of cancer?

A

Women: Breast
Men: Prostate

35
Q

Incontinence

A

loss of the ability to control urination and bowel movements

36
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

pressure on the abdomen excedes the ability to resist urinary flow

37
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

CNS problem after stroke or UTI

38
Q

Overflow Incontinence

A

improper contraction of the kidneys causes overdistened

39
Q

Functional Incontinence

A

physical disability or cognitive impairment that makes them unaware of the need to urinate

40
Q

Absorption

A

the time needed for a medication to enter the bloodstream

41
Q

Drug Metabolism

A

the process of getting rid of medications in the bloodstream through the liver

42
Q

Drug Excretion

A

the process of eliminating medications through the kidneys via urine, sweat, feces

43
Q

Polypharmacy

A

the use of multiple medications

44
Q

Disability

A

the effects of chronic conditions on people’s ability to engage in activites

45
Q

Compression of Morbidity

A

the average age of onset of disability is postponed to later in life

46
Q

Risk Factors

A

long standing behaviors or conditions that increase one’s chances of functional limitaton or disability

47
Q

Extraindividual Factors

A

environment & healthcare
* Interventions, surgery, medications, social support

48
Q

Intraindividual Factors

A

behavior and personality
* exercise program, keeping positive attitude

49
Q

Exacerbators

A

situations that make situatons worse

50
Q

Functional Health Status

A

how well the person is functioning in daily life

51
Q

Hierarchy of Loss

A

sequence of the loss of functional abilities

52
Q

Sacropenia

A

age related loss of muscle mass and strength

53
Q

Activites of Daily Living (ADLs)

A

basic self-care tasks
* eating, bathing, walking

54
Q

Instrumental Activites of Daily Living (IADLs)

A

actions that require more planning
* shopping, paying bills

55
Q

Physical Limitations

A

activites that reflect functional limitation such as walking a block, or sitting

56
Q

Phase 1 of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm
* mobolize/get ready to act

57
Q

Phase 2 of General Adaption Syndrome

A

Resistance
efforts to cope with stressor

58
Q

Phase 3 of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Exhaustion
depletion of energy/inner strength

59
Q

Gender Differences in Stress

A

women
* oxytocin (cuddle hormone)
* tend & befriend

Men
* testosterone
* fight or flight

60
Q

Transactional Model of Stress

A

the impact of the stressor is wholly dependent on our perception and appraisal of the stressor

61
Q

Environmental Press Model

A

all of us have a certain level of competence and enviornmental demands
* for every level of competence, there is a certain amount of environmental press that fits well (adaptation level)

62
Q

High Competence + Low Environmental Press

A

Bordemon, no challenge

63
Q

Low Competence + High Environmental Press

A

Overwhelming

64
Q

More environmental pressure =

A

Maximum Performance Zone

65
Q

Less environmental pressure =

A

Zone of Maximum Comfort

66
Q

Too much or too less environmental pressure

A

Maladaptive

67
Q

3 ways to enhance positive affect

A
  1. Infuse routine events with positive meaning
  2. appraise events in a positive way
  3. use problem focused coping
68
Q

What type of stress is good?

A

Acute Stress

69
Q

Benefits of Acute Stress

A

neuroplasticity, body efficiency, healing, high accountability, autonomy

70
Q

What type of stress is bad?

A

Chronic Stress

71
Q

Dangers of Chronic Stress

A

lack of control, immunosupression, cardiovascular impacts, decreased prefrontal function

PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging (12 decks)

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