Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging > Chapter #7: Intelligence, Reasoning, Creativity, & Widsom > Flashcards

Chapter #7: Intelligence, Reasoning, Creativity, & Widsom Flashcards

1
Q

Robert Sternberg argued that intelligence involves more than fixed set of characteristics, what are his 3 clusters of intelligence?

A

(1) Ability to Solve Problems
(2) Communication
(3) Social Competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

According to the Life-Span Perspective what are the 4 interconnected aspts of intelligence?

A

(1) Multidimensionality
(2) Multidirectionality
(3) Plasticity
(4) Inter-Individual Variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Life-Span Persective - What is Multidimensionality?

A

many domains of intellectual abilities underlie intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Life-Span Perspective - What is Multidirectionality?

A

distinct pattern of change in abilitise over the lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Life-Span Persepctive - What is Plasticity?

A

the range of functioning within an individual and the conditions under which a person’s abilities can be modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Life-Span Perspective - What is Inter-Individual Variability?

A

adults differ in the direction of their intellectual development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the components of Baltes mode of inellectual functioning?

A

(1) Mechanics of Intelligence
(2) Pragmatic Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Mechanics of Intelligence?

A

concerns the neurophysiological architecture of the mind
* provides the foundaitonal bases for cognitive abilities
* associated w/ attention, reasoning, spatial orientation, and perceptual speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Pragmatic Intelligence?

A

concerns acquired bodies of knowledge available from and embedded within culture
* verbal knowledge, wisdom, and practical problem solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Psychometric Approach?

A

An approach to intelligence involving defining it as performance on standardized tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Cognitive-Structural Approach?

A

an approach to intelligence that emphasizes te ways people conceptualize problems and focus on modes or styles of thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Structure of Intellignece

A

the organization of interrelated intellectual abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Factor?

A

The interrelations among performances on similar tests of psychometric intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary Mental Abilities

A

Independent abilites based on different combinations of standardized intelligence tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 representations of Primary Mental Abilities?

A

(1) Number - basic skills underlying mathematical reasoning
(2) Word Fluency - how easily we produce verbal descriptions
(3) Verbal Meaning - our vocabulary ability
(4) Inductive Reasoning - our ability to extrapolate from particular to general
(5) Spatial Orientation - our ability to reason in the 3D world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secondary Mental Abilities

A

Broad-ranging skills composed of several primary mental abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

Consists of abilities that make you a flexible and adaptable thinker
* abilities needed to understand respond to any situation
* inductive reasoning, integration, abstract thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Crystalized Intelligence

A

the knowledge you have acquired through life experience and education in a particular culture
* knowledge, comprehension of communication, judgement, and sophistication w/information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neural Efficiency Hypothesis

A

states intelligent people process information more efficiently, showing weaker neural activations in a smaller number of areas than less intelligent people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do Cohort Differences moderate Inellectual Change?

A
  • reflects better education opportunities, healthier lifestyles, better nutrition
  • indicates interpreting data from cross-sectional is difficult
  • drawing any meaningful conclusions is nearly impossible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does Information Processing moderate intellectual change?

A
  • General processing restraints may help identify mechanisms underlying decline in Fluid Intelligence
  • Inability to inhibit actions/thoughts may account for functioning in fluid/mechanics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does Social & Lifestyle Welfare moderate Intellectual change?

A

Slower rates of intellectual decline associated with:
* Higher SES
* Exposure to stimulating environments
* Utilization of cultural and educational resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does Personality moderate intellectual change?

A

Levels of self-efficacy
* high levels of fluid abilities and sense of intenral control led to positive changes
* Positive beliefs and attitudes tend to experience less decline in intellectual competence

24
Q

How does Health moderate intellectual change?

A

Vascular disease

25
Q

Terminal Decline

A

the gradual decline in cognitive functions that occurs realitvely near death

26
Q

What is Piaget’s Theory of Adaptation?

A

The process of adjusting thinking to the environment, the organization of thought is reflected in cognitive structures that change over the lifespan

27
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

the use of currently available knowledge to make sense out of incoming information
* can lead to distortion of info; force-fit

28
Q

What is Accomodation?

A

changing one’s thoughts to make it a better approximation of the world experience

29
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 Intellectual Developmental Stages?

A

(1) Sensorimotor Period
(2) Preoperational Period
(3) Concrete Operational Period
(4) Formal Operational Period

30
Q

Aspects of Sensorimotor Stage

A
  • gain knowledge by using sensory and motor skills
  • objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight
31
Q

Aspects of Preoperational Stage

A

Egocentric - believe all people and all objects experience the world as they do
* Accidental associations

32
Q

Aspects of Concrete Operational Stage

A
  • emergence of logical reasoning
  • mental reversal series of events
33
Q

Aspects of Formal Operational Stage

A

Acquisition of abstract thinking
4 main aspects
* Hypothesis-Testing Approach to Problem Solving
* Thinking is done in one framework at a time
* The goal is to arrive at one correct solution
* Uconstrained by reality

34
Q

Postformal Thought

A

characterized by recognition that truth may vary from situation to situiation
* solutions must be realistic to be reasonable
* Ambiguity and contradiction are the rule rather than expectation
* Emotion and subjective factors usually play a role in thinking

35
Q

Reflective Judgement

A

thinking that involves how people reason through dilemmas
* Involving current affairs, religion, science, etc.

36
Q

What are the Stages of Reflective Judgement?

A

Stages 1-3: Preflective Thought
Stages 4-5: Quasi-Reflective Thinking
Stages 6-7: Reflective Judgement

37
Q

What is Prereflective Thought?

A
  • typically do not acknowlege and may not even perceiv that knowledge is uncertain
  • do not understand some problems exists when there is not a clear and absolute correct answer
38
Q

What is Quasi-Reflective Thinking?

A
  • likely to say nothing can be known for certian and to change their conclsuion based on situation and evidence
  • argue knowledge is quite subjective
39
Q

Unexercise Ability

A

the ability a normal, healthy adult would exhibit without pracitce or training
e.g. Fluid inteliigence

40
Q

Optimally Exercised Ability

A

the ability a normal, health adult would demonstrate under the best conditions of training or practice
e.g. Crystalized Intelligence

41
Q

Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL)

A

consists of 3 dimensions related to 3 specific problems in everyday life
1.Food Preparation
2.Medication Intake
3.Telephone Use

42
Q

How does Fluid Intelligence Change with Age?

A

Declines after it peaks in midlife

43
Q

How does Crystalized Intelligence Change with Age?

A

Remains stable and can improve

44
Q

The Seattle Longitudinal Study results showed?

A

Fluid abilities declined earlier (~mid 60s), while crystalized abilities declined later (~70s-80s)

45
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

A

Consists of 3 components of intelligence (mental capabilities to adapt)

46
Q

What are Sternberg’s 3 components of intelligence?

A
  1. Creative (Insight) - to solve new problems from prior experience
  2. Analytical (Book Smarts) - break problems into components, devise strategy, solve
  3. Practical (Street Smarts) - problems different at each culture and age
47
Q

What are Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?

A
  • Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Spatial, Musical
  • Body-Kinesthetic
  • Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic
  • Existential
48
Q

How does Decision Making change with age?

A
  • Low Fluid Intelligence search for and rely on less accessible information, avoid risk, and base decision on gist rather than details
  • High Crystalized Intelligence is more context-sensitive, do better on practiced-knowledge
49
Q

What is Denny’s Model?

A

Model stating the everyday problem solving gets better from teens to adulthood and decline some in later adulthood

50
Q

Creativity in Older Adults

A

Creative = making something new, high in demand, and task appropriate
* Creative output and ideas peak in early 40s and decline afterwards

51
Q

Swan-Song Phenomenon

A

a resurgance of creative output following a post-peak decline in the rate of creativie productivity

52
Q

What stage of Erikson’s development stages is Wisdom assocaited with?

A

Integrity vs. Despair

53
Q

What are the four charactersitics of Wisdom according to Erikson?

A

(1) Pertains to important matters of life
(2) Truly “superior” knowledge, judgement, and advice
(3) Extraordinary scope, depth and balance
(4) Combines mind and virtue, knowledge and action

54
Q

What form of intellignece are Wise individuals experts in?

A

Crystalized Intelligence
* Balance reflection/action & cognition/emotion
* Integrate opposite view points
* Getting experience and making something with it
* Aware that truth is not absolute

55
Q

What is the newer model of Wisdom?

A
  1. Recognize the limit of one’s knowledge
  2. Others’ perspective and larger context
  3. Uncertainty and change
  4. Integrate multiple perspectives
  5. Metacognition
56
Q

What are characreristics of Lifelong Learning/Adult Learners?

A
  • Adult Learners need flexibility to meet requirements
  • Focus on “why” they need the information, comprehend and apply, link life experiences
  • More internally driven vs. grade/tests

PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions