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PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging > Chapter #3: Physical Changes > Flashcards

Chapter #3: Physical Changes Flashcards

1
Q

Theories of Aging

Metabolic Theories

A

organism only have so much energy that can expend in a lifetime
* reducing or using energy influences lifespan
* caloric restriction

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2
Q

Theories of Aging

Cellular Theories

A
  1. Haylick Limit
  2. Cross-Linking
  3. Free Radicals
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3
Q

Theories of Aging

Haylick Limit

A

number of cell divisions is limited
* telomeres regulate cell division
* the shorter they get, the cell divisions are less

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4
Q

Theories of Aging

Cross-Linking

A

interacting of proteins that cause the loss of effeciency prompts tissue and blood vessels to stiffen
* loss in flexibility

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5
Q

Free Radicals

A

highly reactive chemical produced randomly in normal
* can cause cell/DNA damage
* antioxidants help prevent them

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6
Q

Wear and Tear Theories

A

constant use of our bodies will eventually wear out and deteriorate our bodies

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7
Q

Genetic Programming Theory

A

cell death could be programmed into our genetic code
* epigenetic tags

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8
Q

What are the 3 approaches to reversing/slowing age?

A
  1. Delay chronic illness in old age
  2. Reducing/Slowing secondary aging
  3. Reverse aging damage caused by metabolic processes
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9
Q

BMI > 30

A

Obese

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10
Q

The 4 steps of Skin Wrinkling

A
  1. Skin becomes thin
  2. Loss of flexibility
  3. Skin starts sagging
  4. Skin loses fat padding
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11
Q

Changes in Hair

A

Hair loss = less germ cells
Graying = cessation of melanin

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12
Q

Changes in Voice

A
  • lower pitch
  • breathlessness, trembling
  • glottal/husky sounds
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13
Q

Weight Changes

A
  • Weight loss in 70s - 80s
  • Men = “apple shape”
  • Women = “pear shape”
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14
Q

Muscle Changes

A
  • loss in strength
  • Age 80 = 40% loss
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15
Q

Why are women more likely to have bone change issues?

A
  1. low bone mass
  2. depletion of estrogen
  3. suspectible to osteoprosis
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16
Q

Height Changes

A

compression of the spine from loss of bone strength

17
Q

Osteoprosis

A

severe bone degeneration disease where severe loss of bone mass creates bones that resemble laced honeycombs

18
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

form of arthritis marbed by gradual onset and gradual progression of pain and swelling
* wear and tear
* affects hands, spine, hips, and knees

19
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

destruction form of arthritis that develops slowly and involves ifferent joints
* affects fingers, wrists, and ankles
* family history
* autoimmune

20
Q

Presbyobia

A

the normative age-related loss of the ability to focus on objects (near or far)
* lens becomes more yellow
* stiff, harder, and inflexible

21
Q

Cataract

A

opague spots on the lens that limits light trasnmitted

22
Q

Gluacoma

A

improper drainage of the eye resulting in internal damage
* can see things in the center, but not edges of vision

23
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

loss of visual acuity for stationary and moving objects

24
Q

Retinopathy

A

can see things around the edges of vision but not the center

25
Q

Presbycusis

A

normative-age related loss of the ability to hear high pitched noises

26
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

heart’s ability to contract/pump severely declines
* causes heart to swell

27
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

not enough oxygen is supplied to blood
* chest pressure/pain

28
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

heart attack
not enough blood supply to heart

29
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

buildup/calcification of artery walls

30
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A

stroke
blood supply cut off from the brain

31
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

32
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

family of age-related lung diseases that block passage of air

33
Q

Emphysema

A

type of COPD
destruction of membrane around air sacs in lungs; lungs unable to empty completely

34
Q

Climacteric

A

the transition from reproductive to nonreproductive years

35
Q

Perimenopause

A

the transition between menstruation and menopause

36
Q

Menopause

A

cessation of ovulation

37
Q
A

PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging (12 decks)

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