Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they go
Motivation
unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species
Instinct
need, drive, homeostasis
Drive Reduction Theory
deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation
Need
aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need
Drive
body’s tendency to maintain and equilibrium or steady state
Homeostasis
yerkes-dodson law
Optimum Arousal Theory
psychological principle stating that performances is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law
direction of an individuals erotic interests, today viewed as a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-gender relations
Sexual Orentation
person’s sexual attractions do not depend on the biological sex, gender, or gender identity of others
Pansexual
person experiences a lack of sexual attraction to others and may feel no sexual orientatin
Asexual
human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence:
physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization
Hierarchy of Needs
motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being
- (the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s proposed needs)
Self-actualization
theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs:
competence, relatedness, autonomy
Self-Determination Theory
the sense that we are in control of our own life
Autonomy
motivation based on internal factors such as…
- organismic needs (competence, relatedness, autonomy)
- curiosity, challenge, fun
Intrinsic Motivation
motivation that involves external incentive such as…
- rewards and punishments
Extrinsic Motivation
process by which an individual effortfully controls behavior to pursue important objectives
Self-Regulation
feeling, or effect, that can involve…
- physiological arousal (fast heartbeat)
- conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone)
- behavior expression (a smile)
Emotion
theory that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment
James-Lange Theory
proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter and Singer’s theory that emotion is determined by two factors:
physiological arousal and cognitive labeling
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
idea that facial expressions can influence emotions and reflect them
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed
Display Rules
refers to whether it feels pleasent or unpleasent
Valence
degree to which the emotion is reflected in a person’s being active, engaged, or existed versus being more passive, relatively disengaged or calm
Arousal
valence and arousal level are independent dimensions that together describe as vast number of emotional state and people use that to create a wheel of mood states
Circumplex Model
