Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they go

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species

Answer 2

Instinct

Question 3

need, drive, homeostasis

Answer 3

Drive Reduction Theory

Question 4

deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation

Answer 4

Need

Question 5

aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need

Answer 5

Drive

Question 6

body’s tendency to maintain and equilibrium or steady state

Answer 6

Homeostasis

Question 7

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 7

Optimum Arousal Theory

Question 8

psychological principle stating that performances is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal

Answer 8

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 9

direction of an individuals erotic interests, today viewed as a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-gender relations

Answer 9

Sexual Orentation

Question 10

person’s sexual attractions do not depend on the biological sex, gender, or gender identity of others

Answer 10

Pansexual

Question 11

person experiences a lack of sexual attraction to others and may feel no sexual orientatin

Answer 11

Asexual

Question 12

human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence:
physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization

Answer 12

Hierarchy of Needs

Question 13

motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being
- (the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s proposed needs)

Answer 13

Self-actualization

Question 14

theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs:
competence, relatedness, autonomy

Answer 14

Self-Determination Theory

Question 15

the sense that we are in control of our own life

Answer 15

Autonomy

Question 16

motivation based on internal factors such as…
- organismic needs (competence, relatedness, autonomy)
- curiosity, challenge, fun

Answer 16

Intrinsic Motivation

Question 17

motivation that involves external incentive such as…
- rewards and punishments

Answer 17

Extrinsic Motivation

Question 18

process by which an individual effortfully controls behavior to pursue important objectives

Answer 18

Self-Regulation

Question 19

feeling, or effect, that can involve…
- physiological arousal (fast heartbeat)
- conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone)
- behavior expression (a smile)

Answer 19

Emotion

Question 20

theory that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment

Answer 20

James-Lange Theory

Question 21

proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously

Answer 21

Cannon-Bard Theory

Question 22

Schachter and Singer’s theory that emotion is determined by two factors:
physiological arousal and cognitive labeling

Answer 22

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

Question 23

idea that facial expressions can influence emotions and reflect them

Answer 23

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Question 24

sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed

Answer 24

Display Rules

Question 25

refers to whether it feels pleasent or unpleasent

Answer 25

Valence

Question 26

degree to which the emotion is reflected in a person’s being active, engaged, or existed versus being more passive, relatively disengaged or calm

Answer 26

Arousal

Question 27

valence and arousal level are independent dimensions that together describe as vast number of emotional state and people use that to create a wheel of mood states

Answer 27

Circumplex Model