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Psychology > Chapter 3 - Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

provides the raw information

A

Sensation

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2
Q

how we detect physical energy from the environment and encode it as neural signals

A

Sensation

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3
Q

contracts raw information into our own experiences

A

Perception

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4
Q

how we select, organize, and interpret this information

A

Perception

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5
Q

taking in the energy from the environment and turning it into signals that our brains can understand through our 5 senses

A

“Bottom-Up Processing”

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6
Q

high level brain functions (experiences, motivations, expectations) and interpret what we build from sensation

A

“Top-Down Processing”

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7
Q

minimum stimulation needed to detect something half the time
- detect a signal 50% of the time (ex., ticking clock)

A

Absolute Threshold

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8
Q

predicting how and when we detect the presence of a signal amid background noise

A

Signal Detection Theory

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9
Q

minimum difference a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time
- just noticeable difference (JND)

A

Difference Threshold

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10
Q

principle that 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage in order to be perceived as different
- ex., having 60 candles lit in a room and adding one more candle makes the room more brighter half the time and the other half not (JND)

A

Weber’s Law

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11
Q

reduced sensitivity resulting from constant stimulation
- benefit: allows us to focus on informative changes in our environment without being distracted by the uninformative constant stimulation

A

Sensory Adaptation

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12
Q

our ability to select how we want to pay attention

A

Selective Attention

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13
Q

sensation

A

Vision

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14
Q

part of the eye that…
- eyes back surface that contains receptor cells that converts light energy into neural impulses sent to the brain

A

The Retina

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15
Q

part of the eye (retina) that…
- responsible for seeing black, white, and gray
- peripheral and twilight vision

A

Rods

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16
Q

part of the eye (retina) that…
- responsible for seeing fine detail color
- daylight or well-lit conditions

A

Cones

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17
Q

part of the eye (retina) that…
- bundle of axons of ganglion cells
- carries neural impulses from eye to brain

A

Optic Nerve

18
Q

part of the eye (retina) that…
- point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye

A

Blind Spot

19
Q

images we “see” are not made of light, they are made of neural signals

A

Visual Information Processing

20
Q

the retina contains 3 different type of color receptors (red, green, blue)
- when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color

A

Trichromatic Theory

21
Q

opposing retinal process (red-green, yellow-blue, black-white) enable color vision
- some neurons are turned “on” by red and turned “off” by green

A

Opponent Process Theory

22
Q

audition

A

Hearing

23
Q

part of the inner ear…
- spiral fluid filled structure in inner ear that sends sound waves to the brain

A

The Cochlea

24
Q

olfaction

A

Smell

25
Q

regions in the brain involve smell
- including amygdala and cerebral cortex

A

Olfactory Cortex

26
Q

gustation

A

Taste

27
Q

can detect 4 basic qualities
1. sweetness
2. saltiness
3. sourness
4. bitterness
5. umami (argued)

A

Taste

28
Q

sense of the position and movement of the body parts
- ex., when your alarm goes off, you know where to put your arm to turn it off

A

Kinesthetic Sense

29
Q

sense of balance

A

Vestibular Sense

30
Q

gestalt

A

Perception

31
Q
  • means “whole”
  • our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
A

Gestalt

32
Q

form, depth, constancy

A

Perceptual Principles

33
Q
  • part of “form” principle
  • organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surrounding
A

Figure-Ground

34
Q
  • part of “depth” principle
  • ability to see objects in 3-D although the images that strike the retina are 2-D (allows us to judge distance)
A

Depth Perception

35
Q
  • part of “depth” principle
  • depend on the use of the 2 eyes
A

Binocular Cues

36
Q
  • part of “depth” principle
  • depth cues that our brain looks for that requires the use of only 1 eyes
A

Monocular Cues

37
Q
  • part of “constancy” principle
  • we perceive the form of familiar objects as constant even while our retinal images of them change
A

Shape Constancy

38
Q
  • part of “constancy” principle
  • we perceive the size of familiar objects as constant even while our retinal images of them change
A

Size Constancy

39
Q

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

A

Perceptual Set

40
Q

interposition, relative height, relative size, linear perspective

A

Monocular Cues

41
Q

retinal disparity and convergence

A

Binocular Cues

Psychology (12 decks)

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