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Psychology > Chapter 10 - Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way a person adapts to the world

A

Personality

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2
Q

theoretical views emphasizing the personality is primarily unconscious (beyond awareness)

A

Psychodynamic Perspectives

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3
Q

Id, Ego, Superego, Defense Mechanisms

A

Psychodynamic Perspectives

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4
Q

part of the person that Freud called the “it”, consisting of unconscious drives; the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy (what would be pleasurable)

A

Id

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5
Q

freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality

A

Ego

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6
Q

freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of the individual’s behavior; often referred to as conscience (determines right and wrong)

A

Superego

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7
Q

tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defense Mechanisms

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8
Q

denial, displacement, repression

A

Defense Mechanisms

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9
Q

ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities

A

Denial

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10
Q

directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target

A

Displacement

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11
Q

pushes unacceptable impulses into the unconscious mind (most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism)

A

Repression

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12
Q

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages

A

Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development

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13
Q
  • birth to 18 months
  • infant’s pleasure center on the mouth (chewing, sucking, biting)
A

Oral Stage

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14
Q
  • 18 to 36 months
  • during a time when most children are experiencing toilet training
A

Anal Stage

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15
Q
  • 3 to 6 years
  • “phallus” means “penis” and pleasure focuses on the genitals as the child discovers that self-stimulation is enjoyable
A

Phallic Stage

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16
Q
  • 6 years to puberty
  • not a development stage but a kind of psychic time-out; the child sets aside all interest in sexuality
A

Latency Period

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17
Q
  • adolescence and adulthood
  • sexual reawakening, a point when the sources of sexual pleasure shifts to someone outside the family
A

Genital Stage

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18
Q

theoretical views stressing a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities

A

Humanistic Perspectives

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19
Q

unconditional positive regard, conditions of worth, self-concept

A

Humanistic Perspectives

20
Q

roger’s construct referring to the individual’s need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of their behavior

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

21
Q

standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others

A

Conditions of Worth

22
Q

our conscious representation of who we are and who we wish to become

A

Self-Concept

23
Q

ex., if you are setting up a friend on a blind date, you are likely to describe the person in terms of traits or stable personality characteristics

A

Trait Perspectives

24
Q

theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristics responses

A

Trait Theories

25
Q

broad traits that are thought to describe the main dimensions of personality

A

Big Five Factors of Personality (OCEAN)

26
Q

openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, extraversion

A

Big Five Factors of Personality (OCEAN)

27
Q

related to liberal values, open-mindedness, tolerance, creativity, and the capacity to experience awe

A

Openness to Experience

28
Q

key predictor of positive outcomes in a variety of life domains

A

Conscientiousness

29
Q

related to generosity and altruism, to reports of religious faith, and to more satisfying romantic relationships

A

Agreeableness

30
Q

to feeling negative emotion more often than positive emotion in ones daily life

A

Neuroticism

31
Q

more likely than others to engage in social activities

A

Extraversion

32
Q

personality emphasize conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals

A

Social Cognitive Perspectives

33
Q

behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors are all important in understanding personality

A

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

34
Q

reciprocal determinism, internal locus, external locus, self-efficacy

A

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

35
Q

the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality

A

Reciprocal Determinism

36
Q

coming from inside the person (you believe you are in command of your choices and behaviors)

A

Internal Locus

37
Q

coming from outside the person (you can’t predict how things will go because so many factors influence performance)

A

External Locus

38
Q

belief that one can master a situation and produce positive changes

A

Self-Efficacy

39
Q

method of measuring personality characteristics that directly asks people whether specific items describe their personality traits

A

Self-Report Test

40
Q

empirically keyed test, minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI), face validity

A

Self-Report Tests

41
Q

type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central way

A

Empirically Keyed Test

42
Q

most widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

43
Q

extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring

A

Face Validity

44
Q

presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it

A

Projective Test

45
Q

rorschach inkblot test and thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

Projective Tests

46
Q

famous projective test that uses an individual’s personality of inkblots to determine their personality

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test

47
Q

projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual’s personality

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Psychology (12 decks)

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