Chapter 6 - Memory Flashcards

1
Q

process of taking in information from the world around us, processing it, storing it, and later recalling that information

A

Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

elaborative rehearsal (thinking and relating information to your own experiences to try and encode the information into long-term memory)

A

Deep Processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

maintenance rehearsal (repeating something over and over)

A

Shallow Processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensory, short-term, long-term memory

A

Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stage where information coming into your sensory system and encoded

A

Sensory Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

echoic memory
- when someone calls your name and you say “what” because you think you didn’t hear them but then you actually process and know what they said

A

Auditory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

iconic memory
- playing with sparklers and seeing the light trails but it’s just your memory seeing light

A

Visual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stage where information is acted upon/processed

A

Short-Term Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

putting series of numbers in sections to better help remember
- social security #
- phone #

A

Chunking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

small amount of information that can be held in the mind and used in execution of cognitive tasks

A

Working Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

component of working memory model that details with auditory information, repeating something over and over
- ex., saying a telephone # numerous times to memorize before dialing it

A

Phonological Loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

our ability temporarily to hold visual and spatial information
- ex., drive from grocery store back home

A

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

responsible for controlled processing in working memory (maintaining task goals, decision making, memory retrieval)
- controls phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer

A

Central Executive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stage where further encoded until you want to retrieve it

A

Long-Term Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

memories that you are consciously thinking about and the ones that are easy to talk about

A

Explicit Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

semantic and episodic

A

Explicit Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

memories for facts
- ex., the sky is blue, the grass is green

18
Q

memories for your own life experiences
- ex., movie/tv show you’ve seen

19
Q

harder memories to talk about

A

Implicit Memory

20
Q

procedural and priming

A

Implicit Memory

21
Q

motor skill memories
- ex., drive a car, tie your shoes, play your sport)

A

Procedural

22
Q

exposure to stimulus influences responses to later stimulus without awareness of or an ability to recall the specific prime
- ex., the color yellow invoking faster response to banana than television

23
Q

recognition and recall

24
Q

the answer is there and all you have to do is identify it
- ex., multiple choice test

A

Recognition

25
ex., open ended questions or discussion boards
Recall
26
- ex., being told by your teachers if you chew gum during class to chew gum during tests - ex., sitting in the same seat all year - ex., thinking of sad events leads you to think of other sad events
Context Dependent Memory
27
memory for ones personal history
Autobiographical Memory
28
mind wants to hide it from you in order to cope (ex., scary or traumatic event happened)
Motivated Forgetting
29
something is happening to you that is so intense or memorable and it's like something went off for you to remember all the details (ex., 9/11)
Flashbulb Memory
30
recall items at the beginning and end of a list rather than from the middle
Serial Position Effect
31
primary and recency
Serial Position Effect
32
recalling things better at the beginning of a list
Primary
33
recalling things better at the end of a list
Recency
34
forgetting due to brain injury, disease, or psychoactive substances (can impact any type of memory)
Amnesia
35
something (memories) that wears away over time
Decay Theory
36
2 memories "competing" against each other and only one sticks - ex., taking spanish in high school and then taking italian in college and mixing the 2 up
Interference Theory
37
- ex., remembering the story, music, characters, of a movie but forgetting the actual move name - ex., forgetting someones name but knowing a lot about them
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon
38
forgetting information over the course of time if you don't review it
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
39
process by which information gets into memory storage
Encoding
40
formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any given level of memory encoding - like creating a spider web of links between new info and info you already knew
Elaboration
41
focusing on a specific aspect of an experience while ignoring others
Selective Attention
42
ability to focus on an activity or stimulus over a longer period of time
Sustained Attention