Chapter 6 - Memory

Question 1

process of taking in information from the world around us, processing it, storing it, and later recalling that information

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

elaborative rehearsal (thinking and relating information to your own experiences to try and encode the information into long-term memory)

Answer 2

Deep Processing

Question 3

maintenance rehearsal (repeating something over and over)

Answer 3

Shallow Processing

Question 4

sensory, short-term, long-term memory

Answer 4

Storage

Question 5

stage where information coming into your sensory system and encoded

Answer 5

Sensory Memory

Question 6

echoic memory
- when someone calls your name and you say “what” because you think you didn’t hear them but then you actually process and know what they said

Answer 6

Auditory

Question 7

iconic memory
- playing with sparklers and seeing the light trails but it’s just your memory seeing light

Answer 7

Visual

Question 8

stage where information is acted upon/processed

Answer 8

Short-Term Memory

Question 9

putting series of numbers in sections to better help remember
- social security #
- phone #

Answer 9

Chunking

Question 10

small amount of information that can be held in the mind and used in execution of cognitive tasks

Answer 10

Working Memory

Question 11

component of working memory model that details with auditory information, repeating something over and over
- ex., saying a telephone # numerous times to memorize before dialing it

Answer 11

Phonological Loop

Question 12

our ability temporarily to hold visual and spatial information
- ex., drive from grocery store back home

Answer 12

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Question 13

responsible for controlled processing in working memory (maintaining task goals, decision making, memory retrieval)
- controls phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer

Answer 13

Central Executive

Question 14

stage where further encoded until you want to retrieve it

Answer 14

Long-Term Memory

Question 15

memories that you are consciously thinking about and the ones that are easy to talk about

Answer 15

Explicit Memory

Question 16

semantic and episodic

Answer 16

Explicit Memory

Question 17

memories for facts
- ex., the sky is blue, the grass is green

Answer 17

Semantic

Question 18

memories for your own life experiences
- ex., movie/tv show you’ve seen

Answer 18

Episodic

Question 19

harder memories to talk about

Answer 19

Implicit Memory

Question 20

procedural and priming

Answer 20

Implicit Memory

Question 21

motor skill memories
- ex., drive a car, tie your shoes, play your sport)

Answer 21

Procedural

Question 22

exposure to stimulus influences responses to later stimulus without awareness of or an ability to recall the specific prime
- ex., the color yellow invoking faster response to banana than television

Answer 22

Priming

Question 23

recognition and recall

Answer 23

Retrieval

Question 24

the answer is there and all you have to do is identify it
- ex., multiple choice test

Answer 24

Recognition

Question 25

ex., open ended questions or discussion boards

Answer 25

Recall

Question 26

• ex., being told by your teachers if you chew gum during class to chew gum during tests
• ex., sitting in the same seat all year
• ex., thinking of sad events leads you to think of other sad events

Answer 26

Context Dependent Memory

Question 27

memory for ones personal history

Answer 27

Autobiographical Memory

Question 28

mind wants to hide it from you in order to cope (ex., scary or traumatic event happened)

Answer 28

Motivated Forgetting

Question 29

something is happening to you that is so intense or memorable and it’s like something went off for you to remember all the details (ex., 9/11)

Answer 29

Flashbulb Memory

Question 30

recall items at the beginning and end of a list rather than from the middle

Answer 30

Serial Position Effect

Question 31

primary and recency

Answer 31

Serial Position Effect

Question 32

recalling things better at the beginning of a list

Answer 32

Primary

Question 33

recalling things better at the end of a list

Answer 33

Recency

Question 34

forgetting due to brain injury, disease, or psychoactive substances (can impact any type of memory)

Answer 34

Amnesia

Question 35

something (memories) that wears away over time

Answer 35

Decay Theory

Question 36

2 memories “competing” against each other and only one sticks
- ex., taking spanish in high school and then taking italian in college and mixing the 2 up

Answer 36

Interference Theory

Question 37

• ex., remembering the story, music, characters, of a movie but forgetting the actual move name
• ex., forgetting someones name but knowing a lot about them

Answer 37

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

Question 38

forgetting information over the course of time if you don’t review it

Answer 38

Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve

Question 39

process by which information gets into memory storage

Answer 39

Encoding

Question 40

formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any given level of memory encoding
- like creating a spider web of links between new info and info you already knew

Answer 40

Elaboration

Question 41

focusing on a specific aspect of an experience while ignoring others

Answer 41

Selective Attention

Question 42

ability to focus on an activity or stimulus over a longer period of time

Answer 42

Sustained Attention