Chapter 2 - The Brain and Behavior

Question 1

collecting chemical information from nearby structures

Answer 1

Dendrites

Question 2

information from dendrites is sent to the ____ and if/when it reaches a certain amount of chemical information, it wants to send a signal to another structure

Answer 2

Cell Body

Question 3

signal is sent down a long tail
- conducts electrical impulses

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

axon is covered in ___
- fat blobs used as insulation

Answer 4

Myelin

Question 5

chemicals will be released out into space and picked up by an adjacent/muscle/gland

Answer 5

Terminal Branches of Axon

Question 6

houses all the organelles of the cell

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

channels/windows when ions can flow in or out of the axon through the cell membrane

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

exchange of sodium and potassium ions which allows a signal to be sent

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

chemicals released into the space between the axon and the adjacent structure

Answer 9

Synapse

Question 10

• alzheimers disease (memory)
• agonist: nicotine (muscles, thoughts, behaviors)
• antagonist: botox

Answer 10

Acetylcholine (Neurotransmitter)

Question 11

• parkisons disease (lose motor movements)
• agonist: schizophrenia (hallucinations, L-dopa)
• antagonist: antipsychotics

Answer 11

Dopamine (Neurotransmitter)

Question 12

• depression
• agonist: prozac, zoloft (improve mood)

Answer 12

Serotonin (Neurotransmitter)

Question 13

• anxiety
• agonist: valium, xanax (relaxation)
• antagonist: caffine

Answer 13

GABA (Neurotransmitter)

Question 14

• depression (body’s natural pain reliver)
• agonist: opiate (addictive)
• narcan (overdoses)

Answer 14

Endorphins (Neurotransmitter)

Question 15

• fight or flight response
• agonist: epipen
• antagonist: beta blocker (slows heart rate)

Answer 15

Epinephrine (Neurotransmitter)

Question 16

• ability of your brain to recognize itself
• ex., injuries (stroke)

Answer 16

Neuroplasticity (Neurotransmitter)

Question 17

brain and spinal cord (center of body)

Answer 17

Central Nervous System

Question 18

all the nerves outside the central nervous system

Answer 18

Peripheral

Question 19

motor neuron allows you to move your muscles and sensory neuron allows you to feel
- spinal nerves

Answer 19

Somatic (Peripheral)

Question 20

all the nerves that are going into your organs

Answer 20

Autonomic (Peripheral)

Question 21

• fight or flight response
• arousing

Answer 21

Sympathetic

Question 22

• calming
• relaxing

Answer 22

Parasympathetic

Question 23

pons, medulla, reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 23

Brain Stem

Question 24

• links your brain to your spinal cord
• handles unconscious movements (sleeping)
• coordinates facial nerves

Answer 24

Pons

Question 25

controls breathing, heart rate, reflexes, and blood pressure

Answer 25

Medulla

Question 26

regulates arousal and sleep-wake transitions

Answer 26

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Question 27

- responsible for motor control - balance/coordination

Answer 27

Cerebellum

Question 28

- all sensory information is gathered (except smell) and transfers information to the appropriate structures in the cerebral cortex (forebrain) - plays a role in sleep, consciousness, wakefulness, learning, memory

Answer 28

Thalamus

Question 29

older structure of the brain we share with mammels - hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

Answer 29

Limbic System

Question 30

- keeps your body in a stable state - body temp, appetite, eating, drinking, sex, emotions, stress - controlling endoctrine system

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

- regulates emotions - detecting threats in your environment (fear and aggression)

Answer 31

Amygdala

Question 32

what allows you to form and keep memories

Answer 32

Hippocampus

Question 33

all the cell bodies from the neurons (thinking and planning) - left side: language, math, logic, ability to speak (controls motor movements on right side) - right side: spacial relationships, music, emotions, recognizing faces (controls motor moments on left side)

Answer 33

Cerebral Cortex

Question 34

coordinates with the thalamus and motor area to plan improvement

Answer 34

Basal Ganglia

Question 35

- RAS - role in sleep-wake cycle, arousal, and patterned movements

Answer 35

Reticular Formation

Question 36

- back: motor cortex - front: emotions, personality, and decision making

Answer 36

Frontal Lobe

Question 37

- part of frontal lobe - generate signals to direct motor movements (hands, fingers, and face are heavily represented)

Answer 37

Primary Motor Cortex

Question 38

- part of frontal lobe - cognitive reasoning (thoughts, actions, emotions)

Answer 38

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 39

vision - color determination - object and face recognition - memory formation

Answer 39

Occipital Lobe

Question 40

sensory - management of touch, taste, hearing, sight, smell

Answer 40

Parietal Lobe

Question 41

- part of parietal lobe - sense of touch on different parts of body (fingers and face are heavily represented)

Answer 41

Somatosensory Cortex

Question 42

auditory information is processed - managing emotions, processing information from your senses, storing and retrieving memories, and understanding language

Answer 42

Temporal Lobe

Question 43

- part of temporal lobe - hearing

Answer 43

Primary Auditory Cortex