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Psychology > Chapter 2 - The Brain and Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - The Brain and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

collecting chemical information from nearby structures

A

Dendrites

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2
Q

information from dendrites is sent to the ____ and if/when it reaches a certain amount of chemical information, it wants to send a signal to another structure

A

Cell Body

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3
Q

signal is sent down a long tail
- conducts electrical impulses

A

Axon

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4
Q

axon is covered in ___
- fat blobs used as insulation

A

Myelin

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5
Q

chemicals will be released out into space and picked up by an adjacent/muscle/gland

A

Terminal Branches of Axon

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6
Q

houses all the organelles of the cell

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

channels/windows when ions can flow in or out of the axon through the cell membrane

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

exchange of sodium and potassium ions which allows a signal to be sent

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

chemicals released into the space between the axon and the adjacent structure

A

Synapse

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10
Q
  • alzheimers disease (memory)
  • agonist: nicotine (muscles, thoughts, behaviors)
  • antagonist: botox
A

Acetylcholine (Neurotransmitter)

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11
Q
  • parkisons disease (lose motor movements)
  • agonist: schizophrenia (hallucinations, L-dopa)
  • antagonist: antipsychotics
A

Dopamine (Neurotransmitter)

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12
Q
  • depression
  • agonist: prozac, zoloft (improve mood)
A

Serotonin (Neurotransmitter)

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13
Q
  • anxiety
  • agonist: valium, xanax (relaxation)
  • antagonist: caffine
A

GABA (Neurotransmitter)

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14
Q
  • depression (body’s natural pain reliver)
  • agonist: opiate (addictive)
  • narcan (overdoses)
A

Endorphins (Neurotransmitter)

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15
Q
  • fight or flight response
  • agonist: epipen
  • antagonist: beta blocker (slows heart rate)
A

Epinephrine (Neurotransmitter)

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16
Q
  • ability of your brain to recognize itself
  • ex., injuries (stroke)
A

Neuroplasticity (Neurotransmitter)

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17
Q

brain and spinal cord (center of body)

A

Central Nervous System

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18
Q

all the nerves outside the central nervous system

A

Peripheral

19
Q

motor neuron allows you to move your muscles and sensory neuron allows you to feel
- spinal nerves

A

Somatic (Peripheral)

20
Q

all the nerves that are going into your organs

A

Autonomic (Peripheral)

21
Q
  • fight or flight response
  • arousing
A

Sympathetic

22
Q
  • calming
  • relaxing
A

Parasympathetic

23
Q

pons, medulla, reticular activating system (RAS)

A

Brain Stem

24
Q
  • links your brain to your spinal cord
  • handles unconscious movements (sleeping)
  • coordinates facial nerves
25
Q

controls breathing, heart rate, reflexes, and blood pressure

26
Q

regulates arousal and sleep-wake transitions

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

27
Q
  • responsible for motor control
  • balance/coordination
A

Cerebellum

28
Q
  • all sensory information is gathered (except smell) and transfers information to the appropriate structures in the cerebral cortex (forebrain)
  • plays a role in sleep, consciousness, wakefulness, learning, memory
29
Q

older structure of the brain we share with mammels
- hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

A

Limbic System

30
Q
  • keeps your body in a stable state
  • body temp, appetite, eating, drinking, sex, emotions, stress
  • controlling endoctrine system
A

Hypothalamus

31
Q
  • regulates emotions
  • detecting threats in your environment (fear and aggression)
32
Q

what allows you to form and keep memories

A

Hippocampus

33
Q

all the cell bodies from the neurons (thinking and planning)
- left side: language, math, logic, ability to speak (controls motor movements on right side)
- right side: spacial relationships, music, emotions, recognizing faces (controls motor moments on left side)

A

Cerebral Cortex

34
Q

coordinates with the thalamus and motor area to plan improvement

A

Basal Ganglia

35
Q
  • RAS
  • role in sleep-wake cycle, arousal, and patterned movements
A

Reticular Formation

36
Q
  • back: motor cortex
  • front: emotions, personality, and decision making
A

Frontal Lobe

37
Q
  • part of frontal lobe
  • generate signals to direct motor movements (hands, fingers, and face are heavily represented)
A

Primary Motor Cortex

38
Q
  • part of frontal lobe
  • cognitive reasoning (thoughts, actions, emotions)
A

Prefrontal Cortex

39
Q

vision
- color determination
- object and face recognition
- memory formation

A

Occipital Lobe

40
Q

sensory
- management of touch, taste, hearing, sight, smell

A

Parietal Lobe

41
Q
  • part of parietal lobe
  • sense of touch on different parts of body (fingers and face are heavily represented)
A

Somatosensory Cortex

42
Q

auditory information is processed
- managing emotions, processing information from your senses, storing and retrieving memories, and understanding language

A

Temporal Lobe

43
Q
  • part of temporal lobe
  • hearing
A

Primary Auditory Cortex

Psychology (12 decks)

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