Chapter 1 - The Science of Psychology

Question 1

science behavior and mental processes

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

concerned with the makeup of the mind

Answer 2

Structuralism

Question 3

• “Father of Psychology”
• established the first psychology lab
• took structures of chemistry and used that to create the idea of psychology

Answer 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

• having an open mind
• identifying inherent biases and assumptions
• distinguish facts from opinions
• reviewing all available evidence before reaching a conclusion

Answer 4

Being a Critical Thinker

Question 5

1. make observations
2. form a theory (general explanation)
3. create hypothesis (specific statement)
4. research and observations

Answer 5

The Scientific Method

Question 6

explanation that attempts to explain an observation (broad explanation)

Answer 6

Theory

Question 7

testable prediction (specific explanation)

Answer 7

Hypothesis

Question 8

defining a circumstance or behavior in such a way so that it can be objectively observed and measured

Answer 8

Operational Definitions

Question 9

• examines situations as is
• cannot determine cause and effect
• types: case study, survey (population, sample, random sampling)

Answer 9

Research Strategy - Description

Question 10

investigation of the relationship between 2 variables
- can be positive and negative
- scatter plot
- strength of relationship (closer coefficient is to 1, the stronger the relationship between the 2 variables are)
- DOES NOT IMPLY CAUSATION

Answer 10

Research Strategy - Correlation

Question 11

investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent) to observe the effect on some behavior/mental process (dependent)
- control group
- random assignment
- cause and effect

Answer 11

Research Strategy - Experimentation

Question 12

explores how the human brain and physiology shape and control our behavior

Answer 12

Neuroscience

Question 13

focuses on studying observable behavior and attributes human behavior to consequences in the environment

Answer 13

Behavioral

Question 14

focuses on how people think, comprehend, and know the world (and how our ways of thinking about the world influence our behavior)

Answer 14

Cognitive

Question 15

all individuals naturally strive to grow and develop, and to control their lives and behavior

Answer 15

Humanistic

Question 16

behavior to be motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness and over which we have little control

Answer 16

Psychodynamic

Question 17

attempts to explain behavior and mental processes as products of natural selection

Answer 17

Evolutionary

Question 18

seeks to understand human thought and behavior as products of social rules learned in the cultures to which individuals belong

Answer 18

Sociocultural

Question 19

concerned with the purpose/role of the psychological elements

Answer 19

Functionalism

Question 20

emphasized unconscious and childhood experience

Answer 20

Psychoanalysis

Question 21

the study of how brain activity is linked with psychological processes

Answer 21

Biopsychology