Chapter 9 (Microbial Genetics)

Question 1

DNA is _(3)

Answer 1

ds
deoxyribose
A,G,C,T bases

Question 2

RNA is __(3)

Answer 2

ss
ribose
A.G,C,U

Question 3

the genome is the __

Answer 3

overall genetic composition

Question 4

Plasmids can carry genes for __

Answer 4

toxins

Question 5

Base is always added to the ____ prime carbon

Answer 5

1

Question 6

A nucleoside has

Answer 6

sugar + base

Question 7

A necleotide (which is the building blocks to DNA and RNA) has

Answer 7

sugar + base + 1-3 Phosphate
or
ns + 1-3 phosphate

Question 8

replication starts at the ___ and ends at the ___

Answer 8

origin
termination

Question 9

Bacteria replicates bidirectional meaning __

Answer 9

it gomes both clockwise and counter when replicating (in a circle)

Question 10

Eukaryotes are bidirection when they duplicate, but they are ___

Answer 10

linear

Question 11

There are two types of sugars which are _____. the one with the sole hydrogen is ___

Answer 11

Ribose and deoxyribose

deoxyribose

Question 12

There are two types of bases which are _____. the first consists of __ and the second consists of ___

Answer 12

purines (A,G… pure silver)
pyrimidines (C,U,T… cut pry??)

Question 13

In the DNA strucure, it running in opposite directions is called _. Mother DNA runs ___ where daughter DNA runs ___

Answer 13

anti parallel
5 prime to 3 prime
3 prime to 5 prime

Question 14

out of ATGC, what are the complement pairings?

Answer 14

A=T
G=C(stronger bond?….number of hydrogen bonds?)

Question 15

Flow of genetic DNA goes from. It is ___ vs conservative and ___

Answer 15

DNA to RNA to Protein
(replication) (transcription)(translation)

semiconservative
bidirectional

Question 16

What enzyme uncodes DNA before it starts replicating

Answer 16

DNA polymerase

Question 17

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Answer 18

D

Question 19

Answer 19

D

Question 20

Answer 20

D

Question 21

Answer 21

D

Question 22

Constitutive genes are

Answer 22

a fixed rate

Question 23

Regulated genes are not __

Answer 23

1)Inducible (off ->(inducer(small org. mol.)) on)
2)repressible (on->(repressor(protein)) off)

Question 24

Operons are

Answer 24

Two or more genes under a single promoter

Question 25

The central region of an operon... Promoter is __...Operator is ___

Answer 25

1) RNA polymerase binds 2)repressor protein binds

Question 26

The structural genes of a operon __

Answer 26

code for proteins

Question 27

Lactose contains

Answer 27

Glucose-Galactose

Question 28

(Lac operon) Off means that _

Answer 28

Glucose present, lac is absent and repressor binds to O

Question 29

(Lac operon) on means that _

Answer 29

Glucose absent, lactose present, allolactose (inducer) binds to R so that it's not bound to operator

Question 30

Lac Z:

Answer 30

Beta Galactosidase 1) converts lactose -> Allolactose 2) converts lactose -> glucose + galactose

Question 31

Lac Y:

Answer 31

-Permease -fxn: brings lactose into cell

Question 32

Lac A:

Answer 32

Transacetylase Fxn: we don't know

Question 33

Arg Operon + Trip Operon

Answer 33

Arg = arginine ; trp = tryptophan Excess arg + trp serve as coR that bind to R making it bind to O

Question 34

Mutation is a

Answer 34

change in DNA sequence

Question 35

Substitution (point mutation) is _. There are three types which are

Answer 35

a change Int of DNA 1) Silient = delta codon -> same aa 2) missense = delta codon -> different aa 3) nonsese = delta codon -> stop codon

Question 36

Frameshift is a _. There are two subsets which are _

Answer 36

shift in reading frame 1) insertion = I+nt 2) deetion = I +nt

Question 37

Mutsgrn is _

Answer 37

a physical, chemical, or biological agent that increases the rate of muation

Question 38

Carcinogen is a

Answer 38

mutagen that causes cancer

Question 39

Pre-carcinogen is a

Answer 39

converted by body to become carcinogen

Question 40

Answer 40

A) 1) repressor 2)Operator 3) repressor 4) Transcription B) 1)corepressor 2)repressor 3)operator

Question 41

Answer 41

C

Question 42

Answer 42

C

Question 43

Answer 43

1) convert lac into allolactose 2) and convert into glucose and galactose

Question 44

Answer 44

C

Question 45

Answer 45

C

Question 46

Conjugation is in

Answer 46

One direction

Question 47

Conjugation =

Answer 47

physical contact b/t D t R by a sex pilus D: F*, carries the F factor/plasmid F= fertility R: F-

Question 48

F+ x F- Mating

Answer 48

D: F+ R: F- -> F+

Question 49

Hfr x F- Mating

Answer 49

D: Hfr R: F- -> F- w/ some of D's chromosomes Recomb. may occur

Question 50

2. Transformation =

Answer 50

uptake of DNA trum environ 1928 - Fredersek Griffith 2 strains of Streptococcus precimonice 0 5 = smooth, capsule, virulent R= rough, no capsule, nonvirulent

Question 51

Transdcuction =

Answer 51

via a virus/phage D: bact, DNA package into a (=transducing phage) R: Recomb. may occur

Question 52

Answer 52

B

Question 53

Answer 53

C

Question 54

Answer 54

A

Question 55

Answer 55

F