Chapter 1 Flashcards
Microbiology is _
study of microbes that cause or do not cause disease
If a micro causes disease its classified as a _
pathogen
If a micro does not cause disease its classified as a _
free-living
The two main types of microbes are _
Cellular organisms & noncellular Entities
(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Bacteria is a ____,____
prokaryote
unicellular
(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Archaea is a ____,____
prokaryote
unicellular
(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Protists is a ____,____
Eukaryotes, uni- or multicellular
(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Fungi is a ____,____
Eukaryotes, uni- or multicellular
(Cellular Organisms…living organisms) Helminths is a ____,____
Eukaryotes, multicellular
(noncellular entities) Viruses made up of _
protein and nucleic acid
(noncellular entities) Prions made up of_
proteins
Prokaryotic cells are _(5)
no nucleus
no organelles
unicellular
small
asexual
Eukaryotic cells have _
a nucleus
organelles
uni or multicellular
small or large
asexual or sexual
Symbiosis is _. What are the three types?
two or more organisms living in close contact.
Mutualism (both benefit)
commensalism (one benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped)
parasitism (one benefits and the host is harmed)
The human body is the site of __(4)
1)normal microbiota
2)transient microbiota
3)opportunistic pathogens
4)true pathogens
normal microbiota are &. These live _
mutualists
commensals
in or on our body
Transient microbiota are _
temporary residents that can’t colonize
Opportunistic pathogens are _
normal microbes of our microbiota that can cause disease(Pathogens) when:
1)dysbiosis (disbalance e.g. vaginal yeast infection when taking antibiotics)
2)weakened immune system
True pathogens are _
microbes that cause disease in a host
Good news….Many infectious diseases are iradicated like _.These are preventable through _. They can also be _
smallpox, and polio(on the way)
vaccinations
treated with antibiotics
Emerging diseases are _& _
newly reported
increasing in number or incidents
reemerging is _
previously maintained but a increase in occurrence
Emerging and reemerging can lead to _(4)`
endemic disease (local outbreak… limited to certain regions e.g. S.W….. e.g.valley fever)
Sporadic disease (random outbreaks e.g. multiple different regions in U.S. e.g. typhoid fever)
epidemics (larger outbreak…more in populated areas… isolated to a country e.g. influenza)
pandemics (pan= all… allover the world e.g., AIDS
Causes and spread of diseases include _(6)
1) neglected tropical diseases
2)travel
3)vectors
4)food producing practices
5)encroaching new territories
6)antibiotic resistance
Antonie van leeuwenhoek _
improved microscope
Abiogenesis is _
spontaneous generation (nonliving matter can give rise to living organisms)
biogenesis is _
life comes from life
maggots come from _
flies laying their eggs
The purpose of of the S neck flask is that _
the microbes settle at the bottom of the tube and won’t contaminate the solution
Sterilization _
the absence of microbial
aseptic technique _
minimizes microbes
Pasteurization _
brief high heat exposure to kill off many microbes
Etiology means _
cause of disease
Germ theory disease
microbes can cause disease
Taxonomy is _
system of organizing, classifying, and organizing organisms
binomial sysyem of nomenclature
nom means _
name
3 main domains are of organisms_
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
After domains, there are _. There are _
Kingdoms(Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protists)
6
Taxonomy is ordered into D.K.P.C.O.F.G.S. The further you go down the more specific you get.
Domain (did)
Kingdom. (king)
Phylum (phillip)
Class (come)
Order (over)
Family (for)
Genus (good)
Species (spaghetti)
After species, you can have _(3)
strains
subspecies
types
Genus and species is always _
italicized…Genus is capitalized and species is lowercased
(example) Escherichia Coli _…. after you type is out, the second time you appreciate (e.g., E. Coli)
-italicized
-latinized
-descriptive
-honorary
Protists can be categorized(consists of either) as _
1) Protozoa (proto = first, zoa = anima…… first animal)
2) Algae (plant-like… can carry out photosynthesis)
3). Slime molds (fungus-like)
Organisms in the same ______ are more closely related than are those in the same ______…(exam question)
Class
Phylum
Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe except
mushroom
yeast
protozoan
bacterium
virus
mushroom
The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is
pathogen
Which of the following is not a domain in the three-domain system?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Animalia
D
Organisms in the same ________ are more closely related than are organisms in the same ________.
A)phylum, genus
B)class, order
C)family, phylum
D)phylum, order
C
D
C
E
D
D
D
