Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

The acronym for the major elements that make up biomolecules is ___. It stands for __

A

S.P.O.N.C.H.

sodium
potassium
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen

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2
Q

There are two different ways to create energy, they are _

A

1)phototroph (uses light…photo-means light_
2)chemotroph (uses chemicals…chemo-means chemicals)

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3
Q

As it relates to carbon ___ converts CO2 into _, whereas ___ converts ___ into ____

A

autotroph (auto- means self
organic compounds(hetero-means different)

heterotroph
organic compounds
organic compounds

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4
Q

There are __ types of transport processes, they are __

A

three

1)Passive Transport
2)Active Transport
3)Bulk Transport

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5
Q

Passive transport is when a solute moves from a ___ concentration to a ___ concentration, also known as ____ the concentration gradient. No __ is required. There are ___ types of passive transport, they are ___

A

high
low
down
energy

3
1)simple diffusion
2)facilitated diffusion
3)Osmosis

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6
Q

Facilitated diffusion requires a __

A

protein

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7
Q

Osmosis is the movement of ___ from a ___ solute concentration to a ___ concentration

A

water

low
high (low solute concentration means high water content…. things move from high to low)

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8
Q

Active Transport is the movement of ions from a ___ concentration to a ___ concentration, also know as ____ the gradient. ____ required to preform this. There are ___ types of active transport which are ___

A

low
high
up
energy

3

1) Primary active transport (uses ATP pumps)
2) secondary active transport (as it goes down pumps something else goes against it?)
3) Group Translation

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9
Q

Plasmolysis is when ___

A

cell wall shrinks because of high concentration of solute outside the cell (low water outside the cell so water leaves from the inside of the cell)

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10
Q

Lysis is when __

A

cell wall bursts because of low solute concentration outside the cell (high water outside the cell so it comes into the cell)

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11
Q

The two different types of bulk transport are ___

A

endocytosis
exocytosis

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12
Q

There are ___ factors that influence microbes. They are ___

A

4

1)temperature
2)PH
3)Osmotic pressure (pressure exerted on water to keep water from moving)
4)Oxygen

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13
Q

There are two main species that like water, they are ____

A

1) O2(-), superoxide dismutase
2)H202, hydrogen peroxide

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14
Q

memorize this

A

ok

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15
Q

Microbial growth happens by ____, which ___ each generation.. The equation to find the number of microbes is ___

A

binary fission
doubles

A X 2^B (A= starting number of microbes, B= generations)

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16
Q

___ is a good visual for seeing microbial growth. The four phases are __

A

Growth curve

1)lag phase
2) Exponential phase
3)stationary phase
4)death phase (lack of wood, waste away)

17
Q

There are __ methods to count microbes, they are

A

2

1)Direct
2) Indirect

18
Q

There are ___ subtypes of direct counting of microbes, they are ___

A

3

1)microscopic (don’t differentiate live and dead)
2)Flow Cytometer (does differentiate)
3)Viable count (only living)

19
Q

The subtype of indirect counting of microbes is ___

A

Turbidity (e.g., cloudy)

20
Q
A

B

21
Q
A

C

22
Q
A

D

23
Q
A

D

24
Q
A

B

25
Q
A

D

26
Q
A

2^6

27
Q
A

A

28
Q
A

B

29
Q
A

B

30
Q
A

C

31
Q
A

a- obligate aerobes
b- facilitative anerobe
c- obligate anerobe
d- aerotolerent anaerobe
e- microaerophiles