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Microbiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In all Bacteria _(4)

A

1)Cell membrane
2)Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid
3) Ribosomes
4) cytoplasm

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2
Q

In some bacteria _(Part 1…5)

A

1)S layer
2)Fimbriae
3)Outer membrane
4)Cell wall
5)Actin Cytoskeleton

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3
Q

In some bacteria _(Part 2…8)

A

1)Pilus
2)Capsule
3)inclusion/granule
4)Bacteriam microcompartments
5)Plasmid
6)Flagellum
7)Endospore
8)Intracellular membranes

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4
Q

(External structure) (go back and consolidate through slide 12*****) Appendages _

A

flagella

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5
Q

mono means. _

A

one

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6
Q

lopho means _

A

tuft?(multiple)

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7
Q

amphi means _

A

both(like amphibian lives in water and land)….phligella found on both end

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8
Q

peri means _

A

around….phligela all around. it

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9
Q

endoflagella is _

A

inside periplasm

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10
Q

movement is known as _. There is either + or -. Example is _(3)

A

taxis

1)chemotaxis
2)aerotaxis
3)phototaxis

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11
Q

Fimbriae function is for_

A

attachment

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12
Q

Phili function is for _

A

attachment or conjugation

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13
Q

(External structures) S layer

A

-outer layer of protein…functions for adheesion & protection

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14
Q

(external structues) Glycocalyx _

A

-viscous and sticky covering
-slime layer
-loosely organized polysaccharides(capsule is organized polysaccharides…these function for protection from phagocytosis)

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15
Q

(External structure) Biofilms _

A

cooperative associations among microbial groups of bacteria, fungi and protozoa

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16
Q

Cell envelope consists of _

A

cell wall(functions for:protection,maintainshape,prevent lysis(breaking open) in hypotonic environment)

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17
Q

All cell walls contain _

A

peptidoglycan

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18
Q

All bacteria are classified based on their _

A

cell wall compisition

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19
Q

Types of cell wall composition _(4)

A

1)Gram-positive(PG+teichoic acid+lipo TA)
2)Gram-negative(PG+PL+LPS+LP+porins)
3)Mycobacteria
4)Mycoplasma (no cell wall)

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20
Q

Gran-positive stain_

A

Deep purple

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21
Q

Gram-negative stain _

A

pink

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22
Q

LPS contain _

A

endotoxin/lipid A

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23
Q

Memorize Table 4.1 in Chapter 4 slides (create slides for)

A

delete this once all slides for that table have been made

24
Q

All bacteria cell walls have _

A

PG (peptidoglycan)

25
Q

(third type of call wall) _ which consist of _. These stain _

A

Mycobacteria(have a cell wall)
PG + mycolic acid
red

26
Q

Mycoplasmas lack_

A

cell wall

Note: sterols in the plasma membrane air in the prevention of lysis

27
Q

L forms have _

A

lost cell wall for various reasons

28
Q

both lysozyme and penicillin(no idea but i won’t delete this in case this comes in handy)

A

Gram-positive

29
Q

G+ that becomes an L form due to loss of PG is called _

A

protoplast

30
Q

G- that becomes an L form due to loss of PG is called _

A

spheroplast

31
Q

Hydrophilic _. Hydrophobic _

A

water-loving
water fearing

32
Q

Plasma membrane made of _

A

phospholipid bilayer, along with proteins, that encloses the cytoplasm
structure: fluid-mosaic model, self-sealing

33
Q

Plasma Membrane functions

A
34
Q

cytoplasm_

A

semifluid enclosed by plasma membrane

35
Q

Nucleoid(nucleus like) _

A

refers to (the space)where the chromosome is located

36
Q

Some bacteria has plasmids, they are_

A

small, circular DNA(it contains non essential genes) that replicate independently of the chromosome

37
Q

Ribosomes come in two subunits _and _subunites

A

large and small

38
Q

Inclusions are _

A

granules for storage

39
Q

cytoskeleton _

A

gives structure and support to the cell

40
Q

Endospores _

A

dormant state that protects the bacterium in harsh conditions

41
Q

Sizes of bacterial cells _

A

normal range: 0.5 mm to 3 mm
smallest: mycoplasmas at 0.2 mm
largest: Thiomargarita namibia at 100 to 750 mm

42
Q

4 basic shapes of bacterial cells _

A

1)coccus(o looks like sphere or circle)
-single(1)
-diplococcus(2)
-tetrads(4)
-sarcinae(8,16,32,etc.)
-staphylococuss(clusters )
-streptococuss(chains)

2)Bacillus(rod shaped…two “ll’s” look like rods…variant: coccobacullus and vibrio(comma))
-single
-diplobacillus(pair)
-streptobacillus(chains)
-palisades(fence looking structure
*there are no staphyB.

3) Spirillum(spiral shape)(gram-negative bacteria)
-rigid helix
-external flagella(amphitrichous)
-corksctew motion

4)Spirochete (spiral)(gram-negative bacteria)
-flexible helix
-periplasmic flagella (endoflagella)
-rotating or creeping motion

43
Q

Same shape is _. If it can change shape it is _

A

monomorphic
pleomorphic

44
Q

Rickettsias _

A

Most pathogens alternate between a mammalian host and a blood-sucking
arthropod vector.

45
Q

Chlamydias _

A

Pathogens are not transmitted by arthropods

46
Q
A

B. a nucleus

47
Q
A

B. False

48
Q
A

B. Teichoic acids

49
Q
A

B. mycobacteria

50
Q
A

D. nature of motility

51
Q
A

A. vibrio

52
Q
A

C. short peptide chains, NAG and NAM

53
Q
A

B. endospore

54
Q
A

a. spirochete
b.tetrad(4), coccus(spherical)
c)bacillus
d)streptococcus
e)spirillum, lophotrichous

55
Q
A

B(this will be on the test)

56
Q
A

memorize this

57
Q
A

memorize this

Microbiology (18 decks)

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