Chapter 4 Flashcards
In all Bacteria _(4)
1)Cell membrane
2)Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid
3) Ribosomes
4) cytoplasm
In some bacteria _(Part 1…5)
1)S layer
2)Fimbriae
3)Outer membrane
4)Cell wall
5)Actin Cytoskeleton
In some bacteria _(Part 2…8)
1)Pilus
2)Capsule
3)inclusion/granule
4)Bacteriam microcompartments
5)Plasmid
6)Flagellum
7)Endospore
8)Intracellular membranes
(External structure) (go back and consolidate through slide 12*****) Appendages _
flagella
mono means. _
one
lopho means _
tuft?(multiple)
amphi means _
both(like amphibian lives in water and land)….phligella found on both end
peri means _
around….phligela all around. it
endoflagella is _
inside periplasm
movement is known as _. There is either + or -. Example is _(3)
taxis
1)chemotaxis
2)aerotaxis
3)phototaxis
Fimbriae function is for_
attachment
Phili function is for _
attachment or conjugation
(External structures) S layer
-outer layer of protein…functions for adheesion & protection
(external structues) Glycocalyx _
-viscous and sticky covering
-slime layer
-loosely organized polysaccharides(capsule is organized polysaccharides…these function for protection from phagocytosis)
(External structure) Biofilms _
cooperative associations among microbial groups of bacteria, fungi and protozoa
Cell envelope consists of _
cell wall(functions for:protection,maintainshape,prevent lysis(breaking open) in hypotonic environment)
All cell walls contain _
peptidoglycan
All bacteria are classified based on their _
cell wall compisition
Types of cell wall composition _(4)
1)Gram-positive(PG+teichoic acid+lipo TA)
2)Gram-negative(PG+PL+LPS+LP+porins)
3)Mycobacteria
4)Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Gran-positive stain_
Deep purple
Gram-negative stain _
pink
LPS contain _
endotoxin/lipid A
Memorize Table 4.1 in Chapter 4 slides (create slides for)
delete this once all slides for that table have been made
All bacteria cell walls have _
PG (peptidoglycan)
(third type of call wall) _ which consist of _. These stain _
Mycobacteria(have a cell wall)
PG + mycolic acid
red
Mycoplasmas lack_
cell wall
Note: sterols in the plasma membrane air in the prevention of lysis
L forms have _
lost cell wall for various reasons
both lysozyme and penicillin(no idea but i won’t delete this in case this comes in handy)
Gram-positive
G+ that becomes an L form due to loss of PG is called _
protoplast
G- that becomes an L form due to loss of PG is called _
spheroplast
Hydrophilic _. Hydrophobic _
water-loving
water fearing
Plasma membrane made of _
phospholipid bilayer, along with proteins, that encloses the cytoplasm
structure: fluid-mosaic model, self-sealing
Plasma Membrane functions
cytoplasm_
semifluid enclosed by plasma membrane
Nucleoid(nucleus like) _
refers to (the space)where the chromosome is located
Some bacteria has plasmids, they are_
small, circular DNA(it contains non essential genes) that replicate independently of the chromosome
Ribosomes come in two subunits _and _subunites
large and small
Inclusions are _
granules for storage
cytoskeleton _
gives structure and support to the cell
Endospores _
dormant state that protects the bacterium in harsh conditions
Sizes of bacterial cells _
normal range: 0.5 mm to 3 mm
smallest: mycoplasmas at 0.2 mm
largest: Thiomargarita namibia at 100 to 750 mm
4 basic shapes of bacterial cells _
1)coccus(o looks like sphere or circle)
-single(1)
-diplococcus(2)
-tetrads(4)
-sarcinae(8,16,32,etc.)
-staphylococuss(clusters )
-streptococuss(chains)
2)Bacillus(rod shaped…two “ll’s” look like rods…variant: coccobacullus and vibrio(comma))
-single
-diplobacillus(pair)
-streptobacillus(chains)
-palisades(fence looking structure
*there are no staphyB.
3) Spirillum(spiral shape)(gram-negative bacteria)
-rigid helix
-external flagella(amphitrichous)
-corksctew motion
4)Spirochete (spiral)(gram-negative bacteria)
-flexible helix
-periplasmic flagella (endoflagella)
-rotating or creeping motion
Same shape is _. If it can change shape it is _
monomorphic
pleomorphic
Rickettsias _
Most pathogens alternate between a mammalian host and a blood-sucking
arthropod vector.
Chlamydias _
Pathogens are not transmitted by arthropods
B. a nucleus
B. False
B. Teichoic acids
B. mycobacteria
D. nature of motility
A. vibrio
C. short peptide chains, NAG and NAM
B. endospore
a. spirochete
b.tetrad(4), coccus(spherical)
c)bacillus
d)streptococcus
e)spirillum, lophotrichous
B(this will be on the test)
memorize this
memorize this
