Chapter 4 Flashcards by Garrett Schick

In all Bacteria _(4)

1)Cell membrane
2)Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid
3) Ribosomes
4) cytoplasm

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In some bacteria _(Part 1…5)

1)S layer
2)Fimbriae
3)Outer membrane
4)Cell wall
5)Actin Cytoskeleton

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In some bacteria _(Part 2…8)

1)Pilus
2)Capsule
3)inclusion/granule
4)Bacteriam microcompartments
5)Plasmid
6)Flagellum
7)Endospore
8)Intracellular membranes

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(External structure) (go back and consolidate through slide 12*****) Appendages _

flagella

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mono means. _

one

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lopho means _

tuft?(multiple)

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amphi means _

both(like amphibian lives in water and land)….phligella found on both end

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peri means _

around….phligela all around. it

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endoflagella is _

inside periplasm

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movement is known as _. There is either + or -. Example is _(3)

taxis

1)chemotaxis
2)aerotaxis
3)phototaxis

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Fimbriae function is for_

attachment

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Phili function is for _

attachment or conjugation

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(External structures) S layer

-outer layer of protein…functions for adheesion & protection

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(external structues) Glycocalyx _

-viscous and sticky covering
-slime layer
-loosely organized polysaccharides(capsule is organized polysaccharides…these function for protection from phagocytosis)

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(External structure) Biofilms _

cooperative associations among microbial groups of bacteria, fungi and protozoa

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Cell envelope consists of _

cell wall(functions for:protection,maintainshape,prevent lysis(breaking open) in hypotonic environment)

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All cell walls contain _

peptidoglycan

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All bacteria are classified based on their _

cell wall compisition

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Types of cell wall composition _(4)

1)Gram-positive(PG+teichoic acid+lipo TA)
2)Gram-negative(PG+PL+LPS+LP+porins)
3)Mycobacteria
4)Mycoplasma (no cell wall)

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Gran-positive stain_

Deep purple

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Gram-negative stain _

pink

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LPS contain _

endotoxin/lipid A

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Memorize Table 4.1 in Chapter 4 slides (create slides for)

delete this once all slides for that table have been made

All bacteria cell walls have _

PG (peptidoglycan)

(third type of call wall) _ which consist of _. These stain _

Mycobacteria(have a cell wall) PG + mycolic acid red

Mycoplasmas lack_

cell wall Note: sterols in the plasma membrane air in the prevention of lysis

L forms have _

lost cell wall for various reasons

both lysozyme and penicillin(no idea but i won't delete this in case this comes in handy)

Gram-positive

G+ that becomes an L form due to loss of PG is called _

protoplast

G- that becomes an L form due to loss of PG is called _

spheroplast

Hydrophilic _. Hydrophobic _

water-loving water fearing

Plasma membrane made of _

phospholipid bilayer, along with proteins, that encloses the cytoplasm structure: fluid-mosaic model, self-sealing

Plasma Membrane functions

cytoplasm_

semifluid enclosed by plasma membrane

Nucleoid(nucleus like) _

refers to (the space)where the chromosome is located

Some bacteria has plasmids, they are_

small, circular DNA(it contains non essential genes) that replicate independently of the chromosome

Ribosomes come in two subunits _and _subunites

large and small

Inclusions are _

granules for *storage*

cytoskeleton _

gives structure and support to the cell

Endospores _

dormant state that protects the bacterium in harsh conditions

Sizes of bacterial cells _

normal range: 0.5 mm to 3 mm smallest: mycoplasmas at 0.2 mm largest: Thiomargarita namibia at 100 to 750 mm

4 basic shapes of bacterial cells _

1)coccus(o looks like sphere or circle) -single(1) -diplococcus(2) -tetrads(4) -sarcinae(8,16,32,etc.) -staphylococuss(clusters ) -streptococuss(chains) 2)Bacillus(rod shaped...two "ll's" look like rods...variant: coccobacullus and vibrio(comma)) -single -diplobacillus(pair) -streptobacillus(chains) -palisades(fence looking structure ****there are no staphyB.*** 3) Spirillum(spiral shape)(gram-negative bacteria) -rigid helix -external flagella(amphitrichous) -corksctew motion 4)Spirochete (spiral)(gram-negative bacteria) -flexible helix -periplasmic flagella (endoflagella) -rotating or creeping motion

Same shape is _. If it can change shape it is _

monomorphic pleomorphic

Rickettsias _

Most pathogens alternate between a mammalian host and a blood-sucking arthropod vector.

Chlamydias _

Pathogens are not transmitted by arthropods