Chapter 9: Late Middle Ages

Question 0

Social and economic consequences of the Black Death

Answer 0

Agricultural value goes down, noble estate value goes down, urban population goes up, peasants could demand higher wages

Question 1

The Black Death (Date, Description, Preconditions, Characteristics, Cause/Spread)

Answer 1

Date: 1347-1351

Description: A bubonic plague that struck 14th century Europe

Preconditions: Overpopulation, Three-Field System, Famine, Malnutrition

Characteristics: Discoloration of the body, effects on lungs

Cause/Spread: Fleas infected rats that bore on ships from the Black Sea. Trade and self-flagellation spread it further.

Question 2

Social groups affected by the plague

Answer 2

1 negative: gentry/aristocracy

Question 3

Popular remedies to the Black Plague

Answer 3

Aromatic Amulets, Moderation, Promiscuity, Leeching, Lancing the Bulboe, Self-Flagellation, Anti-Semitism, Flight and Seclusion

Question 4

Death toll in Europe due to Black Plague

Answer 4

25 million (30%)

Question 5

Traditional Containers of Monarchy

Answer 5

Landed nobility and the Church

Question 6

Statute of Laborers

Answer 6

1351: English Parliament passed which limited wages to pre-plague times and limited the ability for workers to leave

Question 7

The Hundred Years’ War (Description, Causes, Result, Length)

Answer 7

Description: War between England and France over who controlled territory and had claim over French throne. Struggle for national identity.

Causes: Edward III exerting his claim to the French throne, proximity, land boundaries.

Result: France wins national identity. England becomes more independent with their textile industry.

Length: May 1337 - October 1453

Question 8

Characteristics of France at the start of the Hundred Years’ War

Answer 8

3x population of England, wealthier but poor money management, fought on its own soil, feudal society, civil unrest

Question 9

Key players of the Hundred Years’ War

Answer 9

England: Edward III, Henry V, Henry VI
France: Philip IV, Philip VI, John II, Charles VI, Charles VII, Joan of Arc

Question 10

The Estates General

Answer 10

A representative council of townspeople, clergy and nobles. Ineffective.

Question 11

The Jacquerie

Answer 11

1358: Revolt of the French peasantry in response to taxes and demanded labor to fix war damaged properties demanded by French privileged classes.

Question 12

Reasons for early French Failures in Hundred Years’ War

Answer 12

Internal disunity and social conflict

Question 13

Weapons used by the English in HYW

Answer 13

Longbow

Question 15

Impacts and Results of the Treaty of Troyes

Answer 15

1420: Disinherits the Dauphin (son of Charles VI), supposed to give the throne to Henry V after Charles VI. Henry and Charles both die within months of each other. Charles VII goes into hiding in 1422 while infant Henry VI becomes king of both countries.

Question 15

Burdens felt by which social classes during the Hundred Years’ War

Answer 15

Peasantry were subject to heavy taxation and labor.

Question 16

Execution of Joan of Arc (Date/Reason)

Answer 16

May 30, 1431, Accused of heresy

Question 17

Papal Plenitude of Power

Answer 17

Pope Innocent III. Gave popes power over church law as well as secular law. Popes could dispense law at will as a secular and spiritual institution. Church becomes more concerned with economic and political gain rather than the salvation of souls.

Question 18

Ausculta fili

Answer 18

“Listen, my son.” Stated that God set popes over kings.

Question 19

Unam Sanctam

Answer 19

November 18, 1302. Temporal authority is subject to spiritual power of the church.

Question 20

Marsilius of Padua (What he wrote and the significance of what he wrote/Year published)

Answer 20

Wrote The Defender of Peace which states the idea of church separated from state, that clergy were still members of society ruled by temporal powers, and punishments for sins would be carried out in the afterlife. 1324.

Question 21

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

Answer 21

Gallican Liberties – the idea that the French church had the right to elect its own clergy and run its own spiritual affairs without Papal interference.

Question 22

Religious movements and the assault on the late medieval church

Answer 22

Lollards (John Wycliffe) and Hussites (John Hus)

Question 23

Facts about John Wycliffe

Answer 23

• English theologen and philosopher from Oxford
• Critical of the sell of indulgences, absolute authority of scriptures, and the doctrine of transubstantiation
• Was charged with donatism: a heresy that stated sacredness of church actions depend on the worthiness of those performing them, not proper performance

Question 24

Church councils and their results

Answer 24

Denounced popes, all failed. Council of Pisa, Constance and Basel

Question 25

The Great Schism (Description, Effects/Consequences, Years)

Answer 25

Description: A period when there were two contending popes, Pope Urban VI (Italian) and Clement VII (French)
Effects/Consequences: Church lost credit
Years: 1378-1417

Question 27

Council of Pisa

Answer 27

1409-1410: Decided to elect a new pope while the other two refused to back down

Question 28

Council of Constance

Answer 28

1414-1417: Most successful, ended the Schism

Question 28

Conciliar Theory

Answer 28

The idea that the church should be regulated by a representative council instead of the pope as it had been done before.

Question 29

Council of Basel

Answer 29

1431-1449: Weakened the church by compromising traditional practices to the Hussites (Four articles of Prague)

Question 30

Unam Sanctam

Answer 30

1302: Worldly authority is subject to spiritual authority

Question 31

Pope Boniface VIII’s struggle with monarchical authority

Answer 31

Struggled with Philip IV “The Fair” of France