Chapter 9 - Lang I - Intro to Lang & Comprehension

Question 1

psycholinguistics

Answer 1

psychology of language and how ppl communicate ideas

Question 2

phonome

Answer 2

(sound) basic unit of spoken language

Question 3

how many phonemes in english

Answer 3

40

Question 4

what’s the average american vocab number of words

Answer 4

20k to 100k words

Question 5

morpheme

Answer 5

(meaning) basic unit of meaning

Question 6

morphology

Answer 6

(study of creating greater meaning) creating words by combining morphemes

Question 7

syntax

Answer 7

(sentence organization) - grammatical rules that govern how we organize words into sentences

Question 8

semantics

Answer 8

(meaning) how we put words together in sentence - meaningg of words and sentences

Question 9

pragmatics

Answer 9

social rules that underlie language use - listenter’s perspective

Question 10

Chomsky

Answer 10

worked on syntax

contributed to decline of behaviourism

colourless gree ideas sleep furiously - grammar can exist without semantic knowledge

Question 11

surface structure

Answer 11

words that are spoken or written

Question 12

deep structure

Answer 12

meaning of a sentence

Question 13

transformational rules

Answer 13

rules that convert deep structure to surface structure that can be spoken or written

Question 14

surface structures can be different but have same meaning

Answer 14

sara threw the ball. the ball was thrown by sara

Question 15

ambiguous sentences

Answer 15

pop can drive - same surface structure but multiple meanings

Question 16

chomsky theories argue that all languages share same univ patterns of grammar - but

Answer 16

non-euro languages don’t show these patterns

Question 17

cognitive functional approach

Answer 17

people can use language creatively in order to communicate subtle shades of a meaning - to emphasize certain thing- or in diff environments.
It was fred who broke the window.
fred only broke the window.
the window got broken.

Question 18

negatives

Answer 18

more processing required for a negative sentences

Question 19

passive voice

Answer 19

more words needed to create passive voice

Question 20

incremental interpretation

Answer 20

make judgments all the way along, continuously updating interpretation

Question 21

lexical ambiguity

Answer 21

multiple meanings

Question 22

syntactic ambiguity

Answer 22

unnecessarily complex sentence structure

Question 23

neurolinguistics

Answer 23

underlying neuro structures and systems that support language

Question 24

aphasia

Answer 24

difficulty communicating - injury / stroke / tumour

Question 25

aphasia

Answer 25

L hem - Broca or Wernicke

Question 26

reading vs. listening

Answer 26

spread out across space - but speaking spreads it out across time - time it takes to say the words

readers control the rate of input
listeners are at mercy of speaker

readers encounter stimulus on page
listeners get nonverbal cues - body language, emphasis, etc.

Question 27

dual route to reading

Answer 27

direct access route = recognize the word directly without sounding it out

indirect access route = translates the word seen into a form of sound to sound-it-out

Question 28

whole word approach

Answer 28

readers directly connect with written word as an entire unit

Question 29

phonics approach

Answer 29

pronounce indiviual letters in the word

Question 30

whole language approach

Answer 30

reading instruction should emphasize meaning

Question 31

discourse

Answer 31

interrelated units of language larger than a sentence - absorbing a story

Question 32

inferences

Answer 32

conclusions that go beyond the isolated phrase or sentence

Question 33

constructionist view of inferenes

Answer 33

draw inferences about the causes of events and relationships

Question 34

peopel are more likely to draw inferences if

Answer 34

they have a large working memory capacity

excellent metacomprehension skills

Question 35

higher level inferences

Answer 35

beyond the level of the paragraph - greater meaning

Question 36

metacognition

Answer 36

knowledge about our own cognitive processes

Question 37

metacomprehension

Answer 37

thoughts about your comprehension