Chapter 5 - Long Term Memory Flashcards
Long Term Memory
Long term memory is what
high capacity storage - few minutes to decades
episodic memory
events that happened to you personally - minutes or decades ago
semantic memory
knowledge about the world, factual info
procedural memory
how to do something
encoding
how you process information and represent it in your memory
Craik and Lockhart levels of processing approach
deep meaningful processing of info leads to more accurate recall than shallow sensory processing - extracting more info from stimulus (vs. just surface / appearance)
2 factors of deep processing
distinctiveness - how different stimulus is from other memory traces - something stands out easier to remember
elaboration - interconnected concepts - increased depth of understanding
Self reference effect
how something relates to your life and experience
3 factors involved in self-reference effect
distinctive cues
personal traits are connected to each other
rehearse the material more if it relates to you
testing people about english words or object
self reference instructions - how the word could be applied to themselves - visualize themselves with the object
appearance, sound, semantic charax
encoding specificity principle
recall better if context or location during retrieval is similar to the context during encoding (state dependent relateed to state of the person not the location)
mental context related to physical context for encoding specificity
mental context may be more important - how something makes a person feel that results in encoding specificity
encoding specificity related to level of processing
encoding specificity can override the depth of processing – can still be stronger even if it’s only shallow processing
explicit memory task
aware that you are being directly asked something, conscious act of retrieval
implicit memory task
complete a task that does not directly ask you for recall or recognition
anterograde amnesia
can’t remember things from the injury forward- but implicit memory tasks were just as strong
retrograde amnesia
can’t remember prior to injury - episodic but not usually semantic
autobiographical memory
memory events related to yourself - lots included
schemas
patterns of thinking - shape your thinking for a previous event
consistency bias
overwrites or overestimates our past feelings and beliefs with current feelings - suggesting greater consistency in our feelings and beliefs throughout our lives
source monitoring
seeking the origin of a memory
reality monitoring
seeking what really happened vs. what was imagined
flashbulb memory
significant events where we can remember minor details
flashbulb memories involve
more rehearsal of certain details - but not necessarily more accurate
