Chapter 8 - General Knowledge Flashcards
General Knowledge
semantic memory
episodic memory
top down processing
bottom up processing
knowledge about the world
events that happened to us
using prior info
using sensing stimuli to gain info or form an idea
categories
sets of objects that belong together
concepts
mental representation of a category
prototype
item that is the best more typical example of a category
prototypicality
the degree to which something is representative of its category
robin and sparrow - vs. penguin
prototypical vs. not prototypical
grade structure of prorotypical members
most to least prototypicals
3 characteristics of prototypes
supplied as examples
judged more quickly than non-prototypes
share attributes in a family rememblance category
schema
well-integrated knowleedge about a situation, event person - a type of heuristic. schema of office - computer, chair, plant, etc. - but likely a monkey would not be epected
script is a well structured sequence of events that occur in a specified order
like a routine, restaurant script - sit down, look at menu, eat food, pay bill
LIfe schema
things that are important to the person’s life
4 trends in schemas and memory
minor event + not much time = memory accurate for things that are consisten for the schema
minor event + limited time = memry inaccurate for things that are inconsistent for the schema
lengthy event that did not occur - seldome created
major event plus inconsistent with regular schema - likely to be remembered
verbatim memory
people have poor recall on this
constructive approach -
people told to listen to sentences from several stories - then given a recognition test that included new items not included in the original sentences and are often combinations of the sentences
constructive model of memory
people integrateinfor from sentences to create larger ideas
