Chapter 4 - Working Memory

Question 1

brown peterson

Answer 1

determined memory was fragile - stored for a few seconds- given 3 words, 3 digit number and had to count backward from that number- preventing rehearsing the words - recall wasn’t great)

Question 2

serial position effect

Answer 2

better at remembering first and last things in a list

Question 3

recency effect

Answer 3

Calkin, most recent items

Question 4

semantic similarity

Answer 4

can affect short term memory capacity - if words in a list are too similar, can cause proactive interference with learning new things from the list - but something stands out as significantly different it can be easier to remember

Question 5

Atkinson and Shiffrin - what was their theory

Answer 5

that mental processing was similar to a computer - series of stages - sensory to short-term to long term

Question 6

Baddeley and Hitch - what was their theory

Answer 6

working memory - looked at the value or purpose of short term memory and the idea that we are working with our memory - workbench model - simultaneous processing and storage

Question 7

what are the 4 components of working memory

Answer 7

phonological loop - processes a limited number of sounds for a short period (subvocalization - sounding words out - reading is a phono loop) - limited capacity

visuospatial sketchpad - gathers info about objects in a scene - difficult to perform - driving and listening to the description of a football game on teh field

episodic buffer - working space temp area workbench - place to problemsolve and plan - might bring things in from long term memory

central executive - manages it all, doesn’t store (similar to executive attention network - which organizes and coodinates results of multiple processing systems)

Question 8

working memory and certain populations

Answer 8

major depression - ADHD - GAD - struggle with working memory - worrying might tax working memory

Question 9

working memory

Answer 9

used to be called short term memory - function is to hold several interrelated bits of information - working memory, ongoing mental activities - keeps relevant info accesible - doesnt’ store but holds info

Question 10

Miller

Answer 10

7+-2 - recalling from a list - usually 5-9 items can be recalled - working memory, little declines with age

Question 11

proactive interference

Answer 11

inhibition on moving forward and learning something new or recalling something based on things in the past, or list of things (near past like list of things) - that are all very similar

Question 12

release from proactive interference

Answer 12

changing up the list with something really different - an abrupt change

Question 13

sensory

Answer 13

2 seconds - but now sensory memory is part of perception

Question 14

short term memory

Answer 14

30 sec - unless repeated - rehearsal

Question 15

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Answer 15

• fraction of info moves from short to term long term

Question 16

acoustic confusions

Answer 16

confused and harder to distinguish - similar sounding stimuli - recall lower - translating visual stimuli of numbers, for example, into subvocalization

Question 17

neuroscience of language processing

Answer 17

Broca - L front - language production
Wernicke - L back - language comprehension

Question 18

L parietal involved in

Answer 18

storing - long simple sentences and long complex sentences (also frontal to rehearse)

Question 19

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 19

limited capacity, looking at object in everyday life and close eyes to try to reach for it - retaining image of the environment in order to reach for it

Question 20

visuospatial sketchpad - where

Answer 20

activates R hem and Occipital

Question 21

daydreaming - what does it involve

Answer 21

central executive

Question 22

dysexecutive syndrome

Answer 22

describes patients with impaired functioning of the central executive - damage to frontal lobes and disorders in planning, organizing problem solving, and attention – alzheimers parkinsons schizophrenia

Question 23

episodic buffer

Answer 23

developed after the other 3 components - temporary storehouse as it combines phono, visuo, LTM together to do problem solving

Question 24

working memory capacity predictive of?

Answer 24

academic performance and intelligence and grades in school

Question 25

working memory and GAD and depression - impact?

Answer 25

worry and rumination take precedence - difficulty with working memory