Chapter 9 (Joints III)

Question 1

Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

Answer 1

Specific terminology is used to designate the movements that occur at joints.
Movements are grouped into four main categories:
1. Gliding
2. Angular movements
3. Rotation
4. Special movements

Question 2

Gliding

Answer 2

Simple movement back-and-forth and from side-to-side
There is no significant alteration of the angle between the bones.
Limited in range
Intercarpal joints

Question 3

Angular movements

Answer 3

Increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating bones.
Angular movements include:
1.	Flexion
2.	Extension
3.	Lateral flexion
4.	Hyperextension
5.	Abduction
6.	Adduction
7.	Circumduction

Question 4

Flexion (Angular Movements)

Answer 4

Decrease in the angle between articulating bones.

Bending the trunk forward

Question 5

Extension (Angular Movements)

Answer 5

Increase in the angle between articulating bones.

Flexion and extension are opposite movements.

Question 6

Lateral flexion (Angular Movements)

Answer 6

Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist.

Question 7

Hyperextension (Angular Movements)

Answer 7

Continuation of extension beyond the normal extension.

Question 8

Abduction (Angular Movements)

Answer 8

Movement of a bone away from the midline

Moving the humerus laterally at the shoulder joint

Question 9

Adduction (Angular Movements)

Answer 9

Movement of a bone toward the midline

Movement that returns body parts to normal position from abduction

Question 10

Circumduction (Angular Movements)

Answer 10

Movement of a body part in a circle

Question 11

Rotation

Answer 11

A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis.

Question 12

Special movements

Answer 12

1. Elevation
2. Depression
3. Protraction
4. Retraction
5. Inversion
6. Eversion
7. Dorsiflexion
8. Plantar flexion
9. Supination
10. Pronation
11. Opposition

Question 13

Elevation (Special Movement)

Answer 13

Upward movement of a part of the body
Closing the mouth
Its opposing movement is depression.

Question 14

Depression (Special Movement)

Answer 14

Downward movement of a part of the body

Opening the mouth

Question 15

Protraction (Special Movement)

Answer 15

Movement of a part of the body anteriorly
Thrusting the mandible outward
Its opposing movement is retraction.

Question 16

Retraction (Special Movement)

Answer 16

Movement of a protracted part of the body back to normal

Question 17

Inversion (Special Movement)

Answer 17

Movement of the foot medially

Its opposing movement is eversion.

Question 18

Eversion (Special Movement)

Answer 18

Movement of the sole laterally

Question 19

Dorsiflexion (Special Movement)

Answer 19

Bending of the foot at the ankle in an upward direction

Its opposing movement is plantar flexion.

Question 20

Plantar flexion (Special Movement)

Answer 20

Bending of the foot at the ankle in a downward direction

Question 21

Supination (Special Movement)

Answer 21

Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward.

Its opposing movement is pronation.

Question 22

Pronation (Special Movement)

Answer 22

Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned downward.

Question 23

Opposition (Special Movement)

Answer 23

Movement of the thumb in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand.