Chapter 9 (Joints II)

Question 1

Articular Capsule

Answer 1

A sleeve-like capsule encloses the synovial cavity.
The articular capsule is composed of two layers.
1. an outer fibrous capsule
2. an inner synovial membrane

Question 2

Synovial Fluid

Answer 2

The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid.
Functions to reduce friction by:
1. lubricating the joint
2. absorbing shocks
3. supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage
4. removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the cartilage

Question 3

Accessory Ligaments and Articular Discs

Answer 3

Collateral ligaments of the knee joint
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee joint
Menisci
• Pads of fibrocartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones.
• Allow bones of different shapes to fit together more tightly.

Question 4

Nerve and Blood Supply

Answer 4

Nerve endings convey information about pain from the joint to the spinal cord and brain.
Nerve endings respond to the degree of movement and stretch at a joint
Arterial branches from several different arteries merge around a joint before penetrating the articular capsule.

Question 5

Bursae

Answer 5

Sac-like structures containing fluid similar to synovial fluid.
Located between tendons, ligaments and bones.
Cushion the movement of these body parts.

Question 6

Tendon sheaths

Answer 6

Wrap around tendons.

Reduce friction at joints.

Question 7

Synovial joints are classified based on type of movement.

Answer 7

Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball-and-socket

Question 8

Planar Movement

Answer 8

Primarily permit back-and-forth and side-to-side movements

Intertarsal joints

Question 9

Hinge Movement

Answer 9

Produce an opening and closing motion like that of a hinged door.
Permit only flexion and extension.
Knee and elbow

Question 10

Pivot

Answer 10

Surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone.
Joints that enable the palms to turn anteriorly and posteriorly.

Question 11

Condyloid

Answer 11

The projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone
Wrist

Question 12

Saddle

Answer 12

Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the “saddle.”
Thumb

Question 13

Ball-and-socket

Answer 13

Ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone
Shoulder and hip