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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 9 - Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Joint

A

Where two bones meet

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2
Q

Articulation

A

Where two bones meet

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3
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

Amount of movement possible

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4
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint

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5
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable joint

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6
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable joint

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7
Q

Joint capsule

A

Articular capsule; surrounds synovial joint

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8
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Special cartilage covering the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint

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9
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Clear viscous solution with the consistency of egg yolk, that lubricates, distributes nutrients, and absorbs shock in joints

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10
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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11
Q

Meniscus

A

Pad of fibrocartilage located between opposing bones within a synovial joint

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12
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone, can limit a joint’s range of motion and provide mechanical support

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13
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament is stretched so much that some of the collagen fibers are torn, but the ligament as a whole survives and the joint is not damaged

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14
Q

Bursae

A

Small, thin, fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue; reduce friction and act as shock absorbers

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15
Q

Synovial tendon sheath

A

AKA bursae

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16
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursae and associated swelling with synovial fluid

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17
Q

Bunion

A

Bursitis on the base of the great toe as a result of friction and distortion of the first metatarsophalangeal

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18
Q

Dislocation

A

Where articulating surfaces of a joint are forced out of position

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19
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation

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20
Q

Flexion

A

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones

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21
Q

Extension

A

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating bones

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22
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension past the anatomical position

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23
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards anatomical position from abducted position

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24
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

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25
Circumduction
Movement at a synovial joint in which the distal end of the bone moves in a circular direction, but the shaft does not rotate
26
Pronation
Turning from the facing front to facing back
27
Supination
Opposite of pronation; turn from facing back to facing front
28
Inversion
Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole inward
29
Eversion
Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole outward
30
Dorsiflexion
Flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole, as when you dig in your heel
31
Plantar flexion
Extends the angle joint and elevates the heel, as standing on tiptoe
32
Opposition
Movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or the pads of other fingers
33
Protraction
Moving a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane
34
Retraction
Moving a body part posteriorly in the horizontal plane
35
Elevation
When a structure moves in a superior direction
36
Depression
When a structure moves in an inferior direction
37
Lateral flexion
When vertebral column bends to the side
38
Intervertebral discs
Pads of fibrocartilage that separate and cushion the vertebrae
39
Nucleus pulposus
Soft, elastic, gelatinous core of intervertebral disc that gives the disc resiliency and absorbs shocks
40
Annulus fibrosus
Tough outer layer of intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage
41
Gliding joint
Flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another - slight movement; located at sacroiliac and clavicle joints
42
Hinge joint
Permit angular motion in a single plane; elbow, knee, ankle joints
43
Condylar joint
Have an oval articular face nestled within a depression on the opposing surface; finger joints
44
Saddle joint
Have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle; thumb joint
45
Pivot joint
Only permits rotation; atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint
46
Ball-and-socket joint
The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another; shoulder and hip joints
47
Bulging disc
Where the compressed nucleus pulposus of a disc distorts the anulus fibrosus, forcing it partway into the vertebral canal
48
Herniated disc
Where the nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus, compressing spinal nerves
49
Shoulder joint
Glenohumeral joint; permits the greatest range of motion, ball-and-socket diarthrosis
50
Glenoid labrum
Fibrocartilaginous lip which continues beyond the edge of the glenoid cavity and deepens the socket
51
Glenoid cavity
Joint cavity of the shoulder
52
Supraspinatus muscle
Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement
53
Infraspinatus muscle
Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement
54
Subscapularis muscle
Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement
55
Teres minor muscle
Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement
56
Rotator cuff
Tendons of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subcapsularis muscles
57
Hip joint
Ball-and-socket diarthrosis that permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, and rotation
58
Acetabulum
Deep fossa that accommodates the head of the femur
59
Acetabular labrum
Projecting rim of rubbery fibrocartilage that increases the depth of the joint cavity and helps to seal in synovial fluid
60
Iliofemoral ligament
Broad ligament that reinforces the hip
61
Pubofemoral ligament
Broad ligament that reinforces the hip
62
Ischiofemoral ligament
Broad ligament that reinforces the hip
63
Transverse acetabular ligament
Crosses the acetabular notch, filling in the gap in the inferior border of the acetabulum
64
Ligamentum teres
Fifth ligament that originates along the transverse acetabular ligament and attaches to the fovea capitis, a small pit at the center of the femoral head
65
Knee joint
Hinge joint permitting flexion, extension, and very limited rotation
66
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Attaches the intercondylar area of the tibia, limiting the anterior and posterior movement of the tibia and maintaining alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles
67
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Attaches the intercondylar area of the tibia, limiting the anterior and posterior movement of the tibia and maintaining alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles
68
Tibial collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament, reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint
69
Fibular collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament, reinforces the lateral surface of the knee joint
70
Quadriceps tendon
Tendon from the quadriceps femoris muscle responsible for extending the knee, passing over the anterior surface of the joint; patella is embedded
71
Patellar ligament
Continues patellar attachment on the anterior surface of the tibia
72
Popliteal ligaments
Extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula, reinforcing the knee joint's posterior surface
73
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative arthritis resulting from cumulative wear and tear at joint surfaces or from genetic factors affecting collagen formation
74
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory condition where the immune response mistakenly attacks the joint tissues
75
Gouty arthritis
Where crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid of joints

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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