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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 9 - Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Joint

A

Where two bones meet

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2
Q

Articulation

A

Where two bones meet

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3
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

Amount of movement possible

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4
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint

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5
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable joint

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6
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable joint

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7
Q

Joint capsule

A

Articular capsule; surrounds synovial joint

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8
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Special cartilage covering the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint

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9
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Clear viscous solution with the consistency of egg yolk, that lubricates, distributes nutrients, and absorbs shock in joints

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10
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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11
Q

Meniscus

A

Pad of fibrocartilage located between opposing bones within a synovial joint

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12
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone, can limit a joint’s range of motion and provide mechanical support

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13
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament is stretched so much that some of the collagen fibers are torn, but the ligament as a whole survives and the joint is not damaged

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14
Q

Bursae

A

Small, thin, fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue; reduce friction and act as shock absorbers

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15
Q

Synovial tendon sheath

A

AKA bursae

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16
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursae and associated swelling with synovial fluid

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17
Q

Bunion

A

Bursitis on the base of the great toe as a result of friction and distortion of the first metatarsophalangeal

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18
Q

Dislocation

A

Where articulating surfaces of a joint are forced out of position

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19
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation

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20
Q

Flexion

A

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones

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21
Q

Extension

A

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating bones

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22
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension past the anatomical position

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23
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards anatomical position from abducted position

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24
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

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25
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement at a synovial joint in which the distal end of the bone moves in a circular direction, but the shaft does not rotate

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26
Q

Pronation

A

Turning from the facing front to facing back

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27
Q

Supination

A

Opposite of pronation; turn from facing back to facing front

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28
Q

Inversion

A

Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole inward

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29
Q

Eversion

A

Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole outward

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30
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole, as when you dig in your heel

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31
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Extends the angle joint and elevates the heel, as standing on tiptoe

32
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or the pads of other fingers

33
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane

34
Q

Retraction

A

Moving a body part posteriorly in the horizontal plane

35
Q

Elevation

A

When a structure moves in a superior direction

36
Q

Depression

A

When a structure moves in an inferior direction

37
Q

Lateral flexion

A

When vertebral column bends to the side

38
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Pads of fibrocartilage that separate and cushion the vertebrae

39
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Soft, elastic, gelatinous core of intervertebral disc that gives the disc resiliency and absorbs shocks

40
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Tough outer layer of intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage

41
Q

Gliding joint

A

Flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another - slight movement; located at sacroiliac and clavicle joints

42
Q

Hinge joint

A

Permit angular motion in a single plane; elbow, knee, ankle joints

43
Q

Condylar joint

A

Have an oval articular face nestled within a depression on the opposing surface; finger joints

44
Q

Saddle joint

A

Have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle; thumb joint

45
Q

Pivot joint

A

Only permits rotation; atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint

46
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another; shoulder and hip joints

47
Q

Bulging disc

A

Where the compressed nucleus pulposus of a disc distorts the anulus fibrosus, forcing it partway into the vertebral canal

48
Q

Herniated disc

A

Where the nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus, compressing spinal nerves

49
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Glenohumeral joint; permits the greatest range of motion, ball-and-socket diarthrosis

50
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous lip which continues beyond the edge of the glenoid cavity and deepens the socket

51
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

Joint cavity of the shoulder

52
Q

Supraspinatus muscle

A

Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement

53
Q

Infraspinatus muscle

A

Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement

54
Q

Subscapularis muscle

A

Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement

55
Q

Teres minor muscle

A

Tendon of the rotator cuff that reinforces the shoulder joint capsule and limits range of movement

56
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Tendons of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subcapsularis muscles

57
Q

Hip joint

A

Ball-and-socket diarthrosis that permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, and rotation

58
Q

Acetabulum

A

Deep fossa that accommodates the head of the femur

59
Q

Acetabular labrum

A

Projecting rim of rubbery fibrocartilage that increases the depth of the joint cavity and helps to seal in synovial fluid

60
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

Broad ligament that reinforces the hip

61
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

Broad ligament that reinforces the hip

62
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

Broad ligament that reinforces the hip

63
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

Crosses the acetabular notch, filling in the gap in the inferior border of the acetabulum

64
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

Fifth ligament that originates along the transverse acetabular ligament and attaches to the fovea capitis, a small pit at the center of the femoral head

65
Q

Knee joint

A

Hinge joint permitting flexion, extension, and very limited rotation

66
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Attaches the intercondylar area of the tibia, limiting the anterior and posterior movement of the tibia and maintaining alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles

67
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Attaches the intercondylar area of the tibia, limiting the anterior and posterior movement of the tibia and maintaining alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles

68
Q

Tibial collateral ligament

A

Medial collateral ligament, reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint

69
Q

Fibular collateral ligament

A

Lateral collateral ligament, reinforces the lateral surface of the knee joint

70
Q

Quadriceps tendon

A

Tendon from the quadriceps femoris muscle responsible for extending the knee, passing over the anterior surface of the joint; patella is embedded

71
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Continues patellar attachment on the anterior surface of the tibia

72
Q

Popliteal ligaments

A

Extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula, reinforcing the knee joint’s posterior surface

73
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative arthritis resulting from cumulative wear and tear at joint surfaces or from genetic factors affecting collagen formation

74
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Inflammatory condition where the immune response mistakenly attacks the joint tissues

75
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Where crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid of joints

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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