Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization - Part 1 Flashcards
Atoms
Smallest stable units of matter
Activation energy
Amount of energy required to start a reaction
Anion
Negatively charged ions
Atomic number
Number of protons in the atom
Atomic Weight
Average of the different atomic masses and proportions of its different isotopes
Cation
Postively charged ions
Catalyst
Compound that speeds up chemical reactions without themselves being permanently changed or consumed
Chemical bond
Hold the participating atoms together once the reaction has ended
Compound
Pure chemical substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements in a fixed proportion - like water
Covalent bond
Where electrons are shared with other atoms (eg H-H O=O O=C=O)
Decomposition
A decomposition reaction breaks a molecule into smaller fragments
Dehydration synthesis
Formation of a complex molecule by the removal of a water molecule; condensation reaction
Double covalent bond
Where two pairs of electrons are shared
Electron shell
Two dimensional representation of the electron cloud
Enzymes
Promote chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required
Exhange reactions
Parts of reacting molecules are shuffled around to produce new products
Hydrolosis
Reaction where one of the bonds in a compelx molecule is broken and the components of a water molecule are added to the resulting fragments
Inorganic compounds
Do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms as their primary structural ingredients
Ion
Atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge (either positive or negative)
Ionic bond
Chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations
Molecular weight
Sum of the atomic weights of the molecule’s component atoms
Molecule
Any chemical structure consisting of atoms held together by shared electrons
Nonpolar covalent bond
Covalent bonds involve an equal sharing of electrons
Nucleus
The central region of an atom containing protons and neutrons
