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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization - Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest stable units of matter

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2
Q

Activation energy

A

Amount of energy required to start a reaction

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3
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ions

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4
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the atom

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5
Q

Atomic Weight

A

Average of the different atomic masses and proportions of its different isotopes

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6
Q

Cation

A

Postively charged ions

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7
Q

Catalyst

A

Compound that speeds up chemical reactions without themselves being permanently changed or consumed

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8
Q

Chemical bond

A

Hold the participating atoms together once the reaction has ended

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9
Q

Compound

A

Pure chemical substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements in a fixed proportion - like water

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10
Q

Covalent bond

A

Where electrons are shared with other atoms (eg H-H O=O O=C=O)

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11
Q

Decomposition

A

A decomposition reaction breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

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12
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Formation of a complex molecule by the removal of a water molecule; condensation reaction

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13
Q

Double covalent bond

A

Where two pairs of electrons are shared

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14
Q

Electron shell

A

Two dimensional representation of the electron cloud

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15
Q

Enzymes

A

Promote chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required

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16
Q

Exhange reactions

A

Parts of reacting molecules are shuffled around to produce new products

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17
Q

Hydrolosis

A

Reaction where one of the bonds in a compelx molecule is broken and the components of a water molecule are added to the resulting fragments

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18
Q

Inorganic compounds

A

Do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms as their primary structural ingredients

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19
Q

Ion

A

Atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge (either positive or negative)

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20
Q

Ionic bond

A

Chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations

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21
Q

Molecular weight

A

Sum of the atomic weights of the molecule’s component atoms

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22
Q

Molecule

A

Any chemical structure consisting of atoms held together by shared electrons

23
Q

Nonpolar covalent bond

A

Covalent bonds involve an equal sharing of electrons

24
Q

Nucleus

A

The central region of an atom containing protons and neutrons

25
Q

Organic compounds

A

Contain carbon and hudrogen for their primary structure

26
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

Unequal sharing of electrons

27
Q

Products

A

Materials coming out of a reaction

28
Q

Reactants

A

Materials going into a reaction

29
Q

Single covalent bond

A

Where one pair of electrons is shared

30
Q

Synthesis

A

Opposite of decomposition; assembles smaller molecules into larger molecules

31
Q

Valence shell

A

Outermost energy level of the electron shell

32
Q

Four main elements present in the body

A

(O)xygen (C)arbon (H)ydrogen (N)itrogen

33
Q

What element is H?

A

Hydrogen

34
Q

What element is Na?

A

Sodium

35
Q

What element is C?

A

Carbon

36
Q

What element is N?

A

Nitrogen

37
Q

What element is O?

A

Oxygen

38
Q

What element is Mg?

A

Magnesium

39
Q

What element is P?

A

Phosphorus

40
Q

What element is S?

A

Sulfur

41
Q

What element is Cl?

A

Chlorine

42
Q

What element is K?

A

Potassium

43
Q

What element is Ca?

A

Calcium

44
Q

What element is Mn?

A

Manganese

45
Q

What element is Zn?

A

Zinc

46
Q

What element is Fe?

A

Iron

47
Q

What element is Cu?

A

Copper

48
Q

What element is Ni?

A

Nickel

49
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the reactions that are occurring in the body at one time

50
Q

Exergonic

A

Produce more energy than they use - exothermic

51
Q

Endergonic

A

Use more energy than they produce - endothermic

52
Q

Name examples of inorganic compounds.

A

Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, and inorganic acids, bases, and salts.

53
Q

Name examples of organic compounds.

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

54
Q

Properties of water

A

Solubility, reactivity, high heat capacity, lubrication

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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