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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of cutaneous membrane

A

Epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

Components of integument

A

Cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

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3
Q

Free nerve endings sense…

A

Heat, cold, and pain.

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4
Q

Functions of Skin

A

Protection, excretion, maintenance of body temperature, production of melanin, production of keratin, synthesis of vitamin D3, storage of lipids, detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature, coordination of immune response

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5
Q

Merkel cells

A

Tactile discs

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6
Q

Three influencers of skin color

A

Carotene, melanin, blood circulation

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7
Q

Precursor to vitamin D3

A

Cholecalciferol

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8
Q

Two components of dermis

A

Papillary layer, reticular layer

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9
Q

Cutaneous plexus

A

A network of arteries along the reticular layer

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10
Q

Papillary plexus

A

Capillary network from small arteries in papillary layer

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11
Q

Integumentary system

A

Body’s first line of defense agains the environment

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12
Q

Integument

A

The skin

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13
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial epithelium

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14
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Body’s most abundant epithelial cells

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15
Q

Epidermal ridges

A

Extend into the dermis, adjacent to dermal papillae; provide skin adhesion

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16
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Extend into the epidermis, adjacent to epidermal ridges; provide skin adhesion

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17
Q

Thin skin

A

Covers most of the body surface

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18
Q

Thick skin

A

Found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

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19
Q

Finger prints

A

Ridge shapes found on the tips of the fingers caused by contours of the skin surface and epidermal ridges

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20
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial layer of epidermis; multiple layers of flattened, dead, interlocking keratinocytes

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21
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only present in thick skin, deep to the stratum corneum; appears as a glassy layer

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22
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Deep to the stratum corneum, consists of three to five layers of kerationocytes producing keratohyalin and keratin

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23
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Second most deep layer, consists of eight to ten layers of keratinocytes bound together by desmosomes; contains dendritic cells

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24
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer of epidermis, mostly made of basal cells; where epidermal ridges are found, as well as melanocytes

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25
Keratin
Tough, fibrous protein that is the basic structural component of hair and nails
26
Dendritic cells
Stimulate defence against microorganisms and superficial skin cancerns in the epidermis
27
Basal cells
Germinative cells (stem cells) that divide to replace the more superficial keratinocytes that are shed at the epithelial surface
28
Merkel cells
Tactile disc; sensitive to touch and when compressed release chemicals that stimulate their associated sensory nerve endings; located in stratum basale
29
Tactile disc
Merkel cells; sensitive to touch and when compressed release chemicals that stiumlate their associated sensory nerve endings; located in stratum basale
30
Melanocytes
Cells that produce melanin in the stratum basale; either red-yellow form or brown-black form
31
Melanin
Pigment produced by melanocytes which gives skin its color and protects rom UV damage
32
Carotene
Orange-yellow pigment that accumulates in epidermal cells
33
Papillary plexus
Capillary network from small arteries in papillary layer
34
Cyanosis
Decreased oxygen levels in tissue causes hemoglobin to release oxygen and turn dark red; skin takes on a bluish coloration
35
Vitiligo
White patches caused by the loss of melanocytes
36
Malignant melanoma
Cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through the lymphatic system
37
Squamous cell carcinoma
Less dangerous form of skin cancer limited to areas of sun-exposed skin
38
Basal cell carcinoma
Cancer that originates in the stratum basale, most common form of cancer
39
Dermis
Lies between epidermis and hypodermis; contains papillary and reticular layers
40
Papillary layer
Superficial layer of dermis consisting mosty of areolar tissue; contains capillaries, lymphatic vessles, and sensory neurons
41
Cleavage lines
Pattern of parallel fiber bundles oriented to resist forces applied to the skin during normal movement
42
Scab
Blood clot that forms at the surface of an injury as part of the migratory phase of healing
43
Cerumen glands
Modified sweat glands whose secretions combine with those of nearby sebaceous glands to form cerumen (ear wax)
44
Mammary glands
Anatomically related to apocrine sweat glands, produce breast milk
45
Reticular layer
Deepest layer of dermis, consistes of dense irregular connective tissue; contains networks of blood vessels and nerve fibers, as well as structures of epidermal origin such as hair follicles and sweat glands
46
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer dieep to the dremis, elastic, consists of areolar tissue and adipose tissue
47
Tactile disc
Sensitive to fine touch and pressure, located in the stratum basale
48
Tactile corpuscle
Receptor sensitive to light touch, located in dermal papillae
49
Lamellated corpuscle
Sensitive to deep pressure and vibration, located in the reticular layer
50
Hair follicle
Origin of hairs
51
Hair papillae
Peg of connective tissue containig capillaries and nerves
52
Root hair plexus
Sensory nerves surrounding the base of each hair follicle that allows sensation of movement of hair
53
Hair shaft
Part of the hair extending from about halfway to the skin surface to the tip of the hair
54
Hair root
Portion that anchors the hair into the skin
55
Arrector pili
Bundle of smooth muscle cells extending from the papillary layer of the dermis to the connective tissue sheath surrounding the hair follice; contracts to force the hair to stand erect
56
Sebaceous gland
Holocrine glands that discharge an oily lipid secretion into hair follicles
57
Sweat (sudoriferous) gland
Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands
58
Merocrine gland
Coiled, tubular glands that discharge sensible perspiration onto the skin; distributed throughout body but concentrated on palms and soles
59
Apocrine gland
Secretes a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion in the armpits, nipples, and pubic region
60
Nail body
Visible portion of the nail
61
Lateral nail groove
Depression bordering the sides of the nail
62
Lunula
Pale crescent near the root of the nail
63
Nail root
Epidermal fold not visible from the surface where nail production takes place
64
Hyponychium
Area of thickened straturm forenum under the free edge at the tip of the finger
65
Eponychium
Portion of the stratum corneum extending over the exposed nail at the lunula
66
Rickets
Abnormal bone development due to a lack of cholecalciferol
67
Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D3 - the liver converts cholecalicferol into calictrol
68
Calcitriol
Essential for the normal absorption fo calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine
69
Mast cells
Connective tissue cell that when stiumlated releases histamine, serotonin, and heparin, initiating the inflammatory response
70
Granulation tissue
Combination of bloot clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network at the base of a wound
71
Scar tissue
Inflexible, fibrous, noncellular tissue that completes the repair process of a wond without restoring the tissue to its original condition
72
Vellus hairs
Fine hair covering most of the body
73
Terminal hairs
Heavy, more deeply pigmented, and sometimes curly hair
74
Cleavage lines
Pattern of fiber bundles in the skin resulting from the way collagen and elastic fibers are arranged in parralel nundles oriented to resist the forces applied to skin during normal movement
75
First degree burn
Damages the surface of the epidermis
76
Second degree burn
Entire epidermis and occasionally some of the dermis are damaged
77
Third degree burn
Destruction of the epidermis and dermis; large full-thickness burns cannot heal on their own
78
Skin graft
Areas of intact skin are transplanted to cover the site of a burn or injury

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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