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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of cutaneous membrane

A

Epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

Components of integument

A

Cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

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3
Q

Free nerve endings sense…

A

Heat, cold, and pain.

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4
Q

Functions of Skin

A

Protection, excretion, maintenance of body temperature, production of melanin, production of keratin, synthesis of vitamin D3, storage of lipids, detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature, coordination of immune response

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5
Q

Merkel cells

A

Tactile discs

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6
Q

Three influencers of skin color

A

Carotene, melanin, blood circulation

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7
Q

Precursor to vitamin D3

A

Cholecalciferol

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8
Q

Two components of dermis

A

Papillary layer, reticular layer

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9
Q

Cutaneous plexus

A

A network of arteries along the reticular layer

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10
Q

Papillary plexus

A

Capillary network from small arteries in papillary layer

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11
Q

Integumentary system

A

Body’s first line of defense agains the environment

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12
Q

Integument

A

The skin

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13
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial epithelium

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14
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Body’s most abundant epithelial cells

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15
Q

Epidermal ridges

A

Extend into the dermis, adjacent to dermal papillae; provide skin adhesion

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16
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Extend into the epidermis, adjacent to epidermal ridges; provide skin adhesion

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17
Q

Thin skin

A

Covers most of the body surface

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18
Q

Thick skin

A

Found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

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19
Q

Finger prints

A

Ridge shapes found on the tips of the fingers caused by contours of the skin surface and epidermal ridges

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20
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial layer of epidermis; multiple layers of flattened, dead, interlocking keratinocytes

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21
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only present in thick skin, deep to the stratum corneum; appears as a glassy layer

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22
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Deep to the stratum corneum, consists of three to five layers of kerationocytes producing keratohyalin and keratin

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23
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Second most deep layer, consists of eight to ten layers of keratinocytes bound together by desmosomes; contains dendritic cells

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24
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer of epidermis, mostly made of basal cells; where epidermal ridges are found, as well as melanocytes

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25
Q

Keratin

A

Tough, fibrous protein that is the basic structural component of hair and nails

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26
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Stimulate defence against microorganisms and superficial skin cancerns in the epidermis

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27
Q

Basal cells

A

Germinative cells (stem cells) that divide to replace the more superficial keratinocytes that are shed at the epithelial surface

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28
Q

Merkel cells

A

Tactile disc; sensitive to touch and when compressed release chemicals that stimulate their associated sensory nerve endings; located in stratum basale

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29
Q

Tactile disc

A

Merkel cells; sensitive to touch and when compressed release chemicals that stiumlate their associated sensory nerve endings; located in stratum basale

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30
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that produce melanin in the stratum basale; either red-yellow form or brown-black form

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31
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment produced by melanocytes which gives skin its color and protects rom UV damage

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32
Q

Carotene

A

Orange-yellow pigment that accumulates in epidermal cells

33
Q

Papillary plexus

A

Capillary network from small arteries in papillary layer

34
Q

Cyanosis

A

Decreased oxygen levels in tissue causes hemoglobin to release oxygen and turn dark red; skin takes on a bluish coloration

35
Q

Vitiligo

A

White patches caused by the loss of melanocytes

36
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through the lymphatic system

37
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Less dangerous form of skin cancer limited to areas of sun-exposed skin

38
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Cancer that originates in the stratum basale, most common form of cancer

39
Q

Dermis

A

Lies between epidermis and hypodermis; contains papillary and reticular layers

40
Q

Papillary layer

A

Superficial layer of dermis consisting mosty of areolar tissue; contains capillaries, lymphatic vessles, and sensory neurons

41
Q

Cleavage lines

A

Pattern of parallel fiber bundles oriented to resist forces applied to the skin during normal movement

42
Q

Scab

A

Blood clot that forms at the surface of an injury as part of the migratory phase of healing

43
Q

Cerumen glands

A

Modified sweat glands whose secretions combine with those of nearby sebaceous glands to form cerumen (ear wax)

44
Q

Mammary glands

A

Anatomically related to apocrine sweat glands, produce breast milk

45
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deepest layer of dermis, consistes of dense irregular connective tissue; contains networks of blood vessels and nerve fibers, as well as structures of epidermal origin such as hair follicles and sweat glands

46
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer dieep to the dremis, elastic, consists of areolar tissue and adipose tissue

47
Q

Tactile disc

A

Sensitive to fine touch and pressure, located in the stratum basale

48
Q

Tactile corpuscle

A

Receptor sensitive to light touch, located in dermal papillae

49
Q

Lamellated corpuscle

A

Sensitive to deep pressure and vibration, located in the reticular layer

50
Q

Hair follicle

A

Origin of hairs

51
Q

Hair papillae

A

Peg of connective tissue containig capillaries and nerves

52
Q

Root hair plexus

A

Sensory nerves surrounding the base of each hair follicle that allows sensation of movement of hair

53
Q

Hair shaft

A

Part of the hair extending from about halfway to the skin surface to the tip of the hair

54
Q

Hair root

A

Portion that anchors the hair into the skin

55
Q

Arrector pili

A

Bundle of smooth muscle cells extending from the papillary layer of the dermis to the connective tissue sheath surrounding the hair follice; contracts to force the hair to stand erect

56
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Holocrine glands that discharge an oily lipid secretion into hair follicles

57
Q

Sweat (sudoriferous) gland

A

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands

58
Q

Merocrine gland

A

Coiled, tubular glands that discharge sensible perspiration onto the skin; distributed throughout body but concentrated on palms and soles

59
Q

Apocrine gland

A

Secretes a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion in the armpits, nipples, and pubic region

60
Q

Nail body

A

Visible portion of the nail

61
Q

Lateral nail groove

A

Depression bordering the sides of the nail

62
Q

Lunula

A

Pale crescent near the root of the nail

63
Q

Nail root

A

Epidermal fold not visible from the surface where nail production takes place

64
Q

Hyponychium

A

Area of thickened straturm forenum under the free edge at the tip of the finger

65
Q

Eponychium

A

Portion of the stratum corneum extending over the exposed nail at the lunula

66
Q

Rickets

A

Abnormal bone development due to a lack of cholecalciferol

67
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Vitamin D3 - the liver converts cholecalicferol into calictrol

68
Q

Calcitriol

A

Essential for the normal absorption fo calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine

69
Q

Mast cells

A

Connective tissue cell that when stiumlated releases histamine, serotonin, and heparin, initiating the inflammatory response

70
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Combination of bloot clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network at the base of a wound

71
Q

Scar tissue

A

Inflexible, fibrous, noncellular tissue that completes the repair process of a wond without restoring the tissue to its original condition

72
Q

Vellus hairs

A

Fine hair covering most of the body

73
Q

Terminal hairs

A

Heavy, more deeply pigmented, and sometimes curly hair

74
Q

Cleavage lines

A

Pattern of fiber bundles in the skin resulting from the way collagen and elastic fibers are arranged in parralel nundles oriented to resist the forces applied to skin during normal movement

75
Q

First degree burn

A

Damages the surface of the epidermis

76
Q

Second degree burn

A

Entire epidermis and occasionally some of the dermis are damaged

77
Q

Third degree burn

A

Destruction of the epidermis and dermis; large full-thickness burns cannot heal on their own

78
Q

Skin graft

A

Areas of intact skin are transplanted to cover the site of a burn or injury

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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