Chapter 9: Inflammation and Immunity Flashcards
the immune system is a complex network composed of what?
cells, tissues, proteins that work together to protect the body against foreign invaders
true or false: all components of the immune system are inhabited by different types of white blood cells that mediate inflammation and immunity
true
what is the difference between self and non self antigens?
self antigens: proteins located on the cells surface of the individuals and the immune system ignores self antigens
non self antigens: immune system recognizes specific non self antigens as foreign, which produces a response and memory cells respond quickly to that antigen
where do monocytes originate from?
bone marrow (myeloid lineage)
true or false: inflammatory cytokines cause the release of more immature neutrophils called bands from the bone marrow which is seen often in bacterial infections
true
what classifies lymphocytes and their function?
both T cells and B cells function in adaptive immunity and have the capacity to proliferate into memory cells, therefore they can provide long-lasting immunity against specific antigen. natural killer cells function in innate immunity and are presenting circulation
where do T cell originate from, and mature at?
bone marrow (stem cells) thymus gland
what examples of T cells that function in cell mediated immunity
cytotoxic T killer cells
helper T cells
memory T cells
what are B cells responsible for ?
production of antibodies
where do B cells originate from, and further proceed to?
bone marrow
spleen and lymphoid tissue
what are examples of B cells and their functions?
plasma= produce antibodies
memory B= form clones of plasma cells following subjects future exposure to the antigen (pathogen)
what are innate defenses ?
don’t require previous exposure to respond to an antigen
what do monocytes mature into?
macrophages
where do these phagocytic cells migrate to? alveolar microglial kupffer cells histiocytes
alveolar: lung
microglial: brain
kupffer cells: liver
histiocytes: connective tissue
what are primary organs vs secondary organs of the lymphoid system ?
primary: bone marrow, thymus gland
secondary: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, peyer patches (containing B cells)
what are the chemical mediators that have immune function?
complement, kinins, clotting factors , cytokines, chemokines
true or false: major complement proteins are C1 to C9
true
what is inflammation?
innate defense that occurs after cells are injured
what are the five cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, pain, and inflammation
what are three main events of inflammation
increased vascular permeability, emigration of leukocytes (WBC), and phagocytosis
which vasoactive chemicals do mast cells release ?
histamine, prostogalndins, and leukotrienes
true or false: chronic inflammation may impair healing and result in an accumulation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and collagen called granuloma
true
what is exudate
fluid that leaks out of blood vessels with neutrophils and debris from phagocytosis
what is the difference between the different types of exudate
A. serous: watery and clear, low protein, occurs in mild inflammation
B. fibrinous: thick and sticky, high protein, occurs greater in injuries
C. purulent (pus): occurs in severe injury, contains infective organisms, leukocytes
D. hemorrhagic: has RBC, occurs in most severe inflammation
