Chapter 13: Alterations in oxygen transport

Question 1

what is the total blood volume for male and female?

Answer 1

male: 75.5 mL/kg
female: 66.5 mL/kg

Question 2

plasma makes up what percent of blood volume?

Answer 2

55-60%

Question 3

plasma is composed of what?

Answer 3

92% water

7% plasma proteins

Question 4

true or false: red blood cells have a nucleus

Answer 4

false

Question 5

what is erythropoietin ?

Answer 5

a hormone from the kidney that stimulates erythrocyte production

Question 6

per one hemoglobin molecule, how many oxygen molecules can it bind to ?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

what do hemoglobin carry

Answer 7

oxygen

Question 8

where does the production of hemoglobin take place?

Answer 8

immature RBCs

Question 9

what is required for hemoglobin synthesis?

Answer 9

iron

Question 10

what nutritional requirements are needed for normal RBC development?

Answer 10

protein

vitamins (B12, folate, B6, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin E & C)

Question 11

red blood cells + bone marrow precursors = ?

Answer 11

erythron

Question 12

a decrease in hemoglobin decreases what in the kidneys?

Answer 12

tissue oxygen tension

Question 13

what do RBCs need energy for?

Answer 13

to operate membrane pump for maintaining ion channels

Question 14

where do RBC get digested by macrophages ?

Answer 14

80-90% in the spleen

10-20% in the liver

Question 15

true or false: the 3% that is dissolved in plasma is measured as PO2

Answer 15

true

Question 16

what does the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve describe ?

Answer 16

the relationship between PO2 (pressure) and SO2 (saturation)

Question 17

what three forms is CO2 transported as ?

Answer 17

dissolved gas (3%)
bicarbonate ion (HCO; 75%)
in association with hemoglobin forming carbaminohemoglobin (20%)

Question 18

true or false: carbaminohemoglobin release CO2 in the lungs which we exhale out

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are the RBC disorders?

Answer 19

anemia (deficit RBC)

polycythemia (excess RBC)

Question 20

what is the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia?

Answer 20

stem cell disorder characterized by reproduction of hematopoietic tissue, fatty marrow replacement

Question 21

what does anemia chronic renal failure cause?

Answer 21

impaired erythropoietin production (EPO)

Question 22

anemia in relation to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency causes a disruption in what ?

Answer 22

DNA synthesis of blast cells which produces megaloblasts (macrocytic)

Question 23

what is the most common cause of anemia?

Answer 23

iron deficiency anemia

Question 24

true or false: thalassemia has increased RBC destruction referred to as hemolysis

Answer 24

true

Question 25

for hemolytic newborns, what is clinically relevant ?

Answer 25

Rh incompatibility

Question 26

polycythemia can be defined as?

Answer 26

excess RBC results in increased blood viscosity which can lead to hypertension

Question 27

what are the three types of polycythemia?

Answer 27

polycythemia vera secondary polycythemia relative polycythemia