Chapter 4: Cell Injury, Aging, Death Flashcards
what are three ways that cells respond to environmental change and injury?
withstand, adapt, cell death
Withstand, adapt, cell death. Which of those two are reversible, which is irreversible?
withstand and adapt are reversible, cell death is irreversible
what does reversible cell injury cause?
cell swelling and intracellular accumulation
another word for oncosis is, and what is its definition?
hydropic swelling: cellular swelling cause of accumulation of water
true or false: intracellular accumulation is characterized by excessive amounts of normal intracellular substances ?
true
what are some examples of normal intracellular substances?
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, inorganic pigments (bilirubin)
define atrophy
decreased cell size
define hypertrophy
increased cell size
define hyperplasia
increased cell number
define metaplasia
conversion of one cell type to another
define dysplasia
disorderly growth
what is an example of physiologic and pathologic hypertrophy?
physiologic hypertrophy: increase in skeletal muscle size in response to exercise
pathologic hypertrophy: enlargement in the heart muscle due to high blood pressure
what are the two categories of irreversible cell injury?
necrosis and apoptosis
what is the most common form of necrosis?
coagulative
what is gangrene defined as, what are the three types?
cellular death in a large area of tissue usually due to the interruption of blood supply to that particular zone
Dry, wet, and gas
does apoptosis cause an inflammatory response?
no
what is ischemia and hypoxic injury?
ischemia= lack of blood supply hypoxia= lack of oxygen
what is the relationship between ischemia and hypoxia?
they occur hand in hand. hypoxia is most often caused by ischemia which causes power failure within the cell
true or false: restoration of oxygen can worsen cell injury rather than reversing it.
true
nutritional deficiencies may result from ?
poor intake, altered absorption, impaired distribution by circulatory system, and inefficient cellular uptake
what are the five causes of cellular injury?
ischemia/ hypoxic injury, nutritional injury, infectious/immunologic injury, chemical injury, physical/mechanical injury
radiation is an example of physical and mechanical injury to a cell, what are the primary effects to may have on a cell?
genetic damage and acute cell destruction
are the aging processes and disease processes different?
yes
what is the cellular basis of aging?
it is a cumulative result of two factors that cause cellular and molecular damage. it is a progressive decline in proliferation and reparative capacity of cells, and exposure to environmental factors
