Chapter 11: Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells Flashcards
what is another name for leukemias
blasts
true or false: lymphomas are tumors that primarily involve the lymph nodes
true
where can neoplasms originate from
myeloid and lymphoid lineage
what are the categories for both myeloid and lymphoid lineages
myeloid: proliferative diseases, myelodysplastic/proliferative diseases, myelodysplastic syndromes
lymphoid lineage: B-cell neoplasms, T cell/ NK cell neoplasms, Hodgkin disease
what are the common WBC malignancies for both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms
myeloid neoplasms: chronic myeloid lineage, acute myeloid leukemia, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera
lymphoid neoplasm: chronic lymphoid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin disease, and non-hodgkin diseases
what are some possible causes for myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms
viruses: EBV, Hodgkin disease radiation exposure chemical exposure: benzene reduction or alteration in normal hematopoiesis: aplastic anemia genetic diseases
what are some common laboratory findings for hematologic neoplasms
low or high RBC count, low or high platelet count, low or high WBC count, and blasts which are the most immature bone marrows cells (found in blood smear)
a patient presents with anemia, how is this diagnosis determined
anemia is defined as having a low RBC count
a patient can be expected to be showing pallow, fatigue, malaise, shortness of breath, and decreased activity tolerance
thrombocytopenia is expected to have a low count of what
platelets (below 200,000)
what are three examples of treatment
combination chemotherapy
radiation
stem cell transplant
what is complete remission defined as
state return to normal hematopoiesis with normal red cell, neutrophil, and platelet count which means no detectable cancer cells
true or false: complete remission is not a cure
true
what is the difference between and autologous vs allogeneic transplantation
autologous= stem cells from patients blood infused allogenic= stem cells from closely matched relative
describe graft vs leukemia and graft vs host
graft vs leukemia: transplanted cells in the allograft that detect and kill leukemic cells
graft vs host: transplanted cells can mount an immune attack against the host
out of graft vs leukemia and graft vs host… which is good
graft vs host
what is an example of myelodyplastic disease
AML (acute myelocytic leukemia)
what is the difference between myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic diseases
myeloproliferative disease cells are functionally normal, slow progressing, and have a few clinical symptoms
myelodysplastic disease cells morphologically and functionally abnormal, fast progressing, and poor prognosis
a common feature found on CBC analysis for myeloproliferative disease is
overproduction of functional blood cells
what is the most common type of AML
acute granulocytic leukemia
true or false: the prognosis of AML is <50% children and 25% adults survive long term
true
true or false: 95% are malignant B-cell precursors fro chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
true
true or false: ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma) is primarily an adults disorder, the most common malignancy making it the second most leading cause of death for this population
false: in children
what cells characterize a malignant disorder of lymph nodes
reed-sternberg cells
true or false: non-hodgkin lymphomas don’t have reed-sternberg cells but most do arise from B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells
true
