Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCSF Personal Trainer > Chapter 9 – Exploring Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Chapter 9 – Exploring Dietary Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional facts label

A

A label required on most packaged foods that was updated by the FDA in 2016 to reflect new scientific information, including the link between diet and chronic disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Daily Values

A

A nutrition-label guide to the nutrients in one serving of food, based on a 2,000-calorie diet for healthy adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nutrient content descriptors

A

Terms used to describe the relevant aspects of a food source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Free

A

often associated with fat-free or sugar-free, means the product contains no amount of, or only trivial quantities of, the referred components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Low

A

can be used if the foods can be consumed regularly without causing excessive intakes of its referred components.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Low-Calorie

A

less than 40 kcal per serving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Low-Fat

A

less than 3g per serving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Low-Cholesterol

A

less than 20 mg per serving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Low-Sodium

A

less than 140 mg per serving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Light

A

has three possible meanings: 1) I/3rd fewer calories or half the fat, 2) the sodium content of a low calorie, low fat food has been reduced by 50%, 3) the term describes the color, texture or other property as long as it explains intent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reduced

A

the contents contain at least 25% less of the component than the referenced product.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lean

A

less than 10g fat, 4.5g or less saturated fat, and less than 95 mg of cholesterol per serving and per 100 g.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extra Lean

A

less than 5 g of fat, less than 2 g of saturated fat, less than 95 mg of cholesterol per serving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Good Source

A

10-19% of the Daily Value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

High In

A

20% or more of the Daily Value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extra

A

at least 10% more than the Daily Value in the reference food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Very Low Sodium

A

35 mg or less sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sodium Free

A

less than 5 mg per serving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High Fiber

A

5g or more per serving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Supplement

A

Products that are intended to fulfill or complement the diet and may contain one or more ingredients, such as vitamins, herbs, amino acids, or their constituents.

21
Q

Ergogenic aid

A

Any product that offers a mental or physical edge while exercising or competing, also called performance enhancers.

22
Q

Creatine monohydrate

A

Used as a dietary supplement to improve muscle strength and athletic performance.

23
Q

Branched-Chain Amino Acids

A

Essential nutrients (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) that the body obtains from proteins found in food, especially meat, dairy products, and legumes.

24
Q

Glutamine

A

The most abundant amino acid found naturally in the body; it is produced in the muscles and distributed by the blood to the organs that need it.

25
Q

Nitric oxide

A

A signaling molecule in the body responsible for vasodilation. Athletes supplement with NO to support the flow of blood and oxygen to skeletal muscle.

26
Q

Beta-hydroxy Beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)

A

A metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine. As a dietary supplement, it is reported to enhance gains in strength and lean body mass associated with resistance training.

27
Q

Re-phosphorylate

A

The phosphorylation (attachment of a phosphoryl group) of a compound that has been previously dephosphorylated.

28
Q

Muscle hypertrophy

A

An increase in size of skeletal muscle.

29
Q

Catabolic

A

A state in which the body is breaking down molecules in metabolism.

30
Q

Training tenure

A

The length of time an individual has actively participated in an activity or specific exercise program.

31
Q

Alanine

A

A non-essential amino acid known for increasing immunity and providing energy for the brain, central nervous system, and muscles.

32
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

A metabolic pathway that leads to the production of glucose from sources such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids in the liver.

33
Q

L-arginine

A

Essential amino acids obtained from the diet (found in red meat, poultry, fish, dairy); l-arginine changes into Nitric Oxide.

34
Q

Androgenic-anabolic steroids

A

Synthetically produced variants of the naturally occurring male sex hormones.

35
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

A common, chronic skin disease involving blockage and/or inflammation of hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland.

36
Q

Gynecomastia

A

A swelling of the breast tissue in boys or men caused by an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone.

37
Q

Myocardial hypertrophy

A

A disease in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood

38
Q

Cardiomyopathies

A

A disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body, which can lead to heart failure.

39
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

A process that occurs naturally inside the body to break down (fibrin) blood clots that can be induced by medications or occur as a result of stress or disease.

40
Q

Dehydroepiandrosterone

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that, in turn, helps produce other hormones, including testosterone and estrogen.

41
Q

Caffeine

A

A central nervous-system stimulant

42
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

A drug that mimics the effects of sympathetic activation on the heart and circulation, causing vascular smooth-muscle contraction and vasoconstriction.

43
Q

Bronchodilator

A

A substance that dilates, or opens, the bronchi and bronchioles and decreases resistance in the respiratory airway, thereby increasing airflow to the lungs.

44
Q

Guarana

A

A substance derived from the seeds of a South American tree, which has among the highest caffeine concentration of any plant.

45
Q

Adrenergic

A

Relates to nerve cells in which epinephrine or norepinephrine act as neurotransmitters.

46
Q

Synephrine

A

a plant in which the peel, flower, fruit and fruit juice are used to create medicinal products for treatment of skin infections, weight loss, chronic fatigue syndrome and many GI disorders.

47
Q

Octopamine

A

Biosynthesized sympathomimetic amine used to treat hypotension.

48
Q

Lipolytic effects

A

Causing lipolysis, the breakdown of lipids into glycerol and free fatty acids

49
Q

Lipogenesis

A

The process of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis from glucose or other substances, stimulated by a diet high in carbohydrates

NCSF Personal Trainer (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions