Chapter 7 – Resting and Active Fitness Assessments

Question 1

Sleep apnea

Answer 1

A potentially dangerous sleep disorder where the sufferer repeatedly stops breathing for short periods of time during sleep.

Question 2

Gout

Answer 2

A type of inflammatory arthritis that promotes joint redness, swelling, and pain.

Question 3

Stage 1 Obesity

Answer 3

males ≥25% body fat; females ≥32% body fat; >38% old age

Question 4

Stage 2 Obesity

Answer 4

males ≥30% body fat; females ≥40% body fat

Question 5

Stage 3 Obesity

Answer 5

males ≥35% body fat; females ≥45% body fat

Question 6

Air displacement

plethysmography

Answer 6

A scientifically-validated method to measure human body composition that predicts body density based on volume and weight.

Question 7

Girth measurement site: Neck

Answer 7

Across the umbilicus

Question 8

Girth measurement site: Abdominal

Answer 8

Across the center of the neck

Question 9

Girth measurement site: Hip

Answer 9

Across the thickest point of the hip. Feet should be inside the shoulders or together

Question 10

Girth measurement site: Upper Abdominal

Answer 10

Half way between the umbilicus and xyphoid process

Question 11

Male 3-site: Abdominal Measurement

Answer 11

Measure a vertical fold 2 cm from the midline of the umbilicus on the right side of the test subject. Be sure that neither the caliper nor the tester’s fingers are in the umbilicus during the measurement.

Question 12

Male 3-site: Chest Measurement

Answer 12

The skinfold is a diagonal fold taken halfway between the anterior axillary line and the nipple. The right side is used for the pinch.

Question 13

Male 3-site: Thigh Measurement

Answer 13

The measurement is a vertical fold taken over the quadriceps muscles on the midline of the right thigh. The measurement should be located halfway between the inguinal crease and the top of the patella.

Question 14

Female 3-site: Triceps Measurement

Answer 14

Measure the vertical fold over the center of the triceps muscle. Be sure the test subject relaxes the arm. The specific site is located on the posterior midline of the right triceps, halfway between the acromion and olecranon process.

Question 15

Female 3-site: Thigh Measurement

Answer 15

The measurement is a vertical fold taken over the quadriceps muscles on the midline of the right thigh. The measurement should be located halfway between the inguinal crease and the top of the patella.

Question 16

Female 3-site: Suprailiac Measurement

Answer 16

The skinfold is a diagonal fold measured in line with the natural angle of the iliac crest. The measurement should be taken along the anterior axillary line just above the iliac crest on the right side.

Question 17

Static posture

Answer 17

Biomechanical alignment when standing motionless that is usually assessed via a plumb line.

Question 18

Dynamic posture

Answer 18

Biomechanical proficiency, or lack thereof, during movements of the body such as locomotion, stepping, jumping etc.

Question 19

Center of gravity

Answer 19

A point within a given object such as the human body where the line of gravitational pull is equal in all directions.

Question 20

Synergistic muscles

Answer 20

Muscles that work together at a given joint or body segment that regulate controlled rotation of the joint and total range of motion so that no compensatory actions occur.

Question 21

Plumb line

Answer 21

Linear testing tool used to assess posture and observe variations in anatomical positions.

Question 22

Dyspnea

Answer 22

Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath due to some inefficiency or disease.

Question 23

Test validity

Answer 23

The ability of a test to accurately measure what it is designed for.

Question 24

Test reliability

Answer 24

The ability of a test to allow for consistent reproduction of measures during retesting events.

Question 25

Emergency plan

Answer 25

A comprehensive plan for dealing with emergency situations that may arise during exercise testing and performance

Question 26

Test economy

Answer 26

Used to describe the proficiency of the client in performing a given test and their compliance with the testing instructions; can be compromised by choosing an inappropriate test for a given client’s fitness level, goal(s), sources of motivation, special needs or limitations.

Question 27

Anaerobic capacity

Answer 27

The total amount of energy for work obtained from anaerobic sources which is measured with an all-out effort; the capacity to run bodily systems without using oxygen.

Question 28

Tracking

Answer 28

The act of documenting all applicable testing and program data for a client which allows for an optimized understanding of how they are progressing towards their goals; allows the trainer to develop the best exercise prescription possible and make the most appropriate adjustments over time as the client improves, or fails to respond to training.

Question 29

Program matrix

Answer 29

Term used to describe all the necessary components to an exercise prescription which will allow the client to safely and effectively attain their training goals.

Question 30

Stop test indicators

Answer 30

A list of absolute and relative signs that an exercise test should be terminated immediately.

Question 31

Muscular strength

Answer 31

The external force that can be generated by a specific muscle or muscle groups

Question 32

Endurance

Answer 32

The ability of a muscle group to execute repeated muscle actions over a period of time sufficient to cause muscular fatigue, or to maintain a specific percentage of the 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) for a prolonged period of time.

Question 33

Activities of Daily Living

Answer 33

The fundamental skills typically needed to manage basic physical needs comprised of the following areas: grooming/personal hygiene, dressing, toileting/continence, transferring/ ambulating and eating.

Question 34

Goniometer

Answer 34

An instrument used to measure joint angles or range of motion of a specific joint.