Chapter 11 – Weight Management Flashcards
Food deserts
An area, either in urban or rural environments, in which it is difficult to access affordable nutritious food.
Hunger
The physiological drive to seek food caused by hormonal signaling from peripheral tissues to the hypothalamus.
Hypothalamus
A region of the forebrain that regulates many vital biological feedback systems by governing the outflow of pituitary gland hormones and the autonomic nervous system.
Hyperphagia
An abnormally increased desire for food promoting excessive eating.
Appetite
A psychological desire to satisfy a need for food, often occurring independently of hunger.
Isocaloric
A balance of calories expended and consumed, promoting weight maintenance.
Resting metabolic rate
The energy required to supply bodily functions during resting conditions.
Very low-calorie diets
A clinically-supervised dietary plan involving intake below 800 kcal per day, usually achieved through liquid meals.
Yo-yo dieting
The cyclical loss and gain of weight associated with failing to adhere to strict healthy eating plans
Intermittent fasting
An umbrella term for several patterns of fasting and non-fasting over defined periods independent of caloric restriction.
Total daily energy expenditure
A measure of the calories expended over a day, often estimated in order to identify daily intake needs.
Thermic effect of food
The caloric cost above the resting metabolic rate due to digestion and processing of food.
RMR equations
Formulas that incorporate measures of body size and/or body composition used to estimate the caloric expenditure at rest across a 24-hour period.
Calories-per-kilogram
The simplest estimate of caloric needs based solely upon body weight; typical standards are 25 to 30 kcals/kg/day for normal, healthy individuals.
Thermogenesis
The process of heat production; quantified by units of kilocalories in human metabolism.
